胎次、犊牛性别和初生重及产犊季节对奶牛繁殖性能的影响

Effect of Parity,Calves' Gender,Birth Weight and Calving Season on Reproductive Traits of Holstein Cows

为研究不同胎次、犊牛性别和初生重以及产犊季节对繁殖性能的影响,为奶牛的科学配种与产后护理提供参考,本研究测定了120头荷斯坦奶牛产后第一次发情、配种时间、胎衣排出时间、子宫粘液评分及直肠检查评分等繁殖性能指标,并与奶牛的胎次、犊牛性别和初生重以及产犊季节进行相关性分析。结果表明,4胎及以上奶牛的产后第一次发情时间比前3胎要迟10~18d,其产后子宫粘液评分低0.59~0.79分,直肠检查评分低0.53~0.85分(P<0.05);产母犊的奶牛第一次发情时间比产公犊的早3.15d,当犊牛初生重大于45kg时奶牛胎衣排出时间最长(17h);冬季奶牛产后第一次发情时间比其它季节早10~12d(P<0.05)。研究认为,不同胎次、犊牛性别和初生重以及产犊季节对奶牛产后的第一次发情时间、胎衣排出时间、子宫粘液和直肠检查评分有显著影响。

In order to study the effects of different parities,calves' gender,birth weight and calving season on reproductive traits of Holstein cows and provide a reference for scientific mating strategies and postpartum care for them,120 Holstein cows' reproductive traits data including postpartum estrus time,mating time,fetal-membrane expulsion time,cervical mucus score and rectal palpation score were determined and the correlations of their history records including different parities,calves' gender,birth weight and calving season with traits were analyzed.Results showed postpartum estrus time in cows who experienced the forth calf and more was later by 10~18d,cervical mucus score was lower by 0.59~0.79 points,and rectal palpation score was lower by 0.53~0.85 points than previous parity(P<0.05);Postpartum estrus time of those cows who delivered female calves was earlier than that of those who delivered male by 3.15d;Fetal-membrane expulsion time of those cows whose calve birth weights were heavier than 45 kg was the longest(17h);Postpartum estrus time of those cows who delivered calves in winter was earlier by 10~12dthan other seasons(P<0.05).Results demonstrated that calving parity,calves' gender,birth weight and calving season have affected significantly reproductive traits in Holstein cows.