单星无源多普勒定位算法与误差分析

Single satellite doppler positioning algorithm and error analysis

卫星通过多普勒效应对辐射源进行定位,具有终端简单易实现等突出优势,在候鸟迁徙、动物保护、环境监测、救生救援和军事侦察等特殊应用领域有广泛的定位需求。介绍了多普勒效应及定位原理,建立了定位模型,分别研究了基于Taylor级数展开的最小二乘迭代和扩展卡尔曼滤波两种用户位置解算方法。利用STK软件,以低轨卫星为例,分析了定位性能,给出了频率测量、卫星位置和速度等的误差对定位精度的影响曲线,得出了频率测量精度是影响定位精度的决定因素,当频率测量精度为0.1Hz时,几何分布良好的条件下,定位精度优于500m。

Radiation source realizes positioning by Doppler effect,the advantage is easy to implement.The situation has a wide range of requirements in migratory birds,the animals protection,environmental monitoring,rescue and military reconnaissance and other special application fields.The paper introduces the principle of Doppler effect and Doppler positioning.And positioning model is established.Using the least-squares iteration algorithm and extended Kalman filtering algorithm calculate the user＇s location.Finally using the software STK,LEO satellite for example,analyses the positioning performance.The positioning accuracy is mainly affected by the frequency measurement,the effect of satellite position and velocity error.And the decisive factor of positioning accuracy is frequency measurement from impact curve.When the frequency measurement precision is 0.1Hz and geometric distribution is good,the positioning accuracy is better than 500 meters.