不同月份紫穗槐对延边黄牛瘤胃发酵及甲烷产量的影响

The effect of the Amorpha fruticosa to Yanbian cattle rumen fermentation and the output of methane in different months

试验以长白山地区6、7、8月及9月月初的紫穗槐作为试验样品,选取3头体况良好且相近、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛为试验动物,通过对延边黄牛瘤胃体外发酵指标——pH值、氨态氮(NH_3-N)含量、总产气量、总甲烷产量、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量的检测,探讨不同月份紫穗槐作为可直接饲喂的新型饲料资源对延边黄牛瘤胃发酵及甲烷产量的影响。结果表明:4个月份的紫穗槐在体外发酵过程中pH值均在正常范围内变化,且随着发酵时间的椎移呈下降趋势。发酵72 h后,7月紫穗槐体外瘤胃液中NH_3-N浓度、总产气量及产甲烷量显著低于8、9月份且显著高于6月份(P<0.05);6、7月紫穗槐组的乙酸、丙酸摩尔比显著高于8、9月紫穗槐组(P<0.05)。鉴于紫穗槐的收割时期对牧草收割量及对延边黄牛适口性的影响,综上所述,紫穗槐在7月收割时可使其发挥较高的利用价值,相比于其他月份可适当提高VFA浓度、丙酸浓度以及NH_3-N浓度,优化瘤胃发酵环境,并有效降低甲烷的排放,同时减少能量损失,进而增加饲料的利用率。

This test used Amorpha fruticosaas the samples collected in Yanbian Changbai Mountain region in June,July,August and September,selecting three Yanbian cattle as the test animals with good and similar body condition,which were fitted permanent rumen fistula.By the determination of Yanbian cattle in vitro rumen fermentation index-the pH value,the concentration of nitrogen （NH3-N）,the total gas output,the total methane output and the volatile fatty acids （VFA） output.Researching the influence of Amorpha fruticosa in different months as a new type of feeding resources that can be fed directly to Yanbian cattle rumen fermentation and methane output.The results showed that the pH values of Amorpha fruticosa in four months were within the normal range of variation in vitro fermentation process,and downward trend with the extension of fermentation time.After 72 h of fermentation,the concentration of NH3-N,the total gas output and the methane output of July Amorpha fruticosa＇s rumen fluid in vitro were significantly lower than in August and September and significantly higher than in June （P〈0.05）.The acetic acid,propionic acid molar ratio of June and July,Amorpha fruticosa groups were significantly higher than August,September Amorpha fruticosa groups（P〈0.05）.Considering the influence that the Amorpha fruticosa＇s harvest period to the amount of forage grasses harvesting and the palatability of Yanbian cattle.In summary,Amorpha fruticosa in July harvest can make it play the higher value in use,compared with the the other months it may be appropriate to increase the VFA concentration,acid concentration and NH3-N concentration,optimizing rumen fermentation environment,and effectively reduce methane emissions,while reducing energy loss,thus increasing the utilization of the feed.