论新时期中国对中东国家的整体外交

On China's Integrative Diplomacy toward the Middle East in the New Era

整体外交是大国以多边组织和多边机制为平台,推动与利益攸关群体进行整体合作的一种外交范式。中国对中东国家的整体外交大致可分为四种类型:双边合作型("1+N")、主动接触型("N+1")、地区互动型("1+N+X")和全球磋商型("X+X")。中国对中东的整体外交成为中国与发展中国家群体开展全方位合作、运筹与大国关系、推动中东国家利益共同体建设的重要平台,体现出重进程轻制度、重官方轻民间、重经济轻安全、重微观轻宏观、重中央轻地方的特点。作为"一带一路"倡议在中东推广的重要手段,新时期中国对中东国家的整体外交既要重视中国参与的多边组织,也要重视既有的双边伙伴关系网,同时还应发挥中国外交优势资源。在整体外交推进过程中,中国应增强话语权,多渠道推动中国与中东建立更加密切的伙伴关系。

Integrative diplomacy is a diplomatic paradigm for great powers to carry out comprehensive cooperation with a group of stakeholders through multilateral organizations and regimes. China's integrative diplomacy vis-à-vis the Middle East can be classified into four types: bilateral cooperation('1+N'),proactive engagement('N+1'), regional interaction('1+N+X'), and global consultation('X+X'). China's integrative diplomacy in the region serves as a key platform to carry out all-round cooperation with developing countries, to build great power relations, and to foster a community of shared interests in the Middle East. It places more emphasis on the less-binding process than on treaties and regulations; more on official diplomacy than on public diplomacy; more on economic than on security cooperation; more on tactic than on strategic design; and more on the central government than on the local provinces. As a means to implement the 'Belt and Road' initiative in the Middle East, China should attach more importance to the participation in multilateral organizations and bilateral partnership networks as well as the usage of its diplomatic resources. In the process of integrative diplomacy, China should enhance its discourse in the global arena and promote a closer partnership with Middle Eastern countries.