宋元以来江苏妈祖信仰研究初探

Preliminary Research on the Worship of Mazu in Jiangsu Since the Song and Yuan Dynasty

江苏的妈祖信仰始于宋代,有文献可考修建最早的妈祖庙在苏州,时间在北宋元祐间。江苏的妈祖信仰与漕运密切相关,庙宇主要沿河道和运河分布。妈祖信仰在江苏的传播过程中出现了"佛教化"的倾向,并出现和碧霞元君的混同。从修建群体上来说,自宋代到明代中期,官吏是江苏妈祖庙的修建主体。明代中期后,海商成为妈祖庙的主要修建力量,而江苏民间妈祖庙的修建力量却比较弱小。

The worship of Mazu in Jiangsu started in the Song Dynasty.The earliest constructed Mazu Temple recorded in literature was in Suzhou during the Yuanyou period of Northern Song Dynasty.The worship of Mazu in Jiangsu was closely related with the water transport,with temples mainly distributed along the rivers and canals.The worship of Mazu had the tendency of being'converted to Buddhism'when it was spreading in Jiangsu,and there were cases of confusion with the goddess Bixia Yuanjun.In terms of construction sponsors,from Song Dynasty to the middle of Ming Dynasty,the sponsors of Jiangsu Mazu temples construction were mainly government officials.After the middle of Ming Dynasty,maritime merchants became the main construction force of Mazu temples,and the construction force of ordinary people in Jiangsu was relatively weak.