中国制造业、服务业及其细分行业在全球生产网络中的价值增值获取能力研究:基于“地位-参与度-显性比较优势”视角

Research on the Ability to Access Added Value of Chinese Manufacturing and Service Industry and Their Subdivisions in the Global Production Network——From the Perspective of “Position-Participation-Revealed Comparative Advantage”

本文借鉴Koopman等提出的全球价值链地位指数与参与度指数以及基于国内增加值测算的显性比较优势指数,从"地位-参与度-显性比较优势"视角,运用WTO和OECD联合发布的Ti VA统计数据,对比分析我国制造业和服务业及其细分行业在全球价值链中的发展形势与特征。研究结果表明:制造业与服务业的全球价值链地位指数与参与度指数均存在一定联系,但正向关系并不显著;一国制造业和服务业若有较大的前向参与度与相对较小的后向参与度,则其全球价值链地位指数往往较高;全球价值链地位指数处于中游至下游的国家,普遍具有较高的后向参与度或是较低的前向参与度;中国制造业和服务业在全球价值链中总体还处于中下游位置,中国具有显性比较优势的制造业和服务业细分行业主要集中在劳动密集型产业;制造业和服务业的全球价值链地位指数、参与度指数与贸易规模并没有明显的正向相关关系等。

As for Chinese manufacturing and service industry, the top priority is to promote their access to value added in the global production network, aim- ing at elevating China＇s industries to the high positionof the global value chain, strengthening the full integration of trade with industry and cultivating new advan- tages in the international competition. From the perspective of ＂position, partici- pation and revealed comparative advantage＂ and supported by the TiV statistical data issued by WTO and OECD, this paper compares and analyses the develop- ment situation and characteristics of Chinese manufacturing, service and their sub industries in the global value chain, employing Koopman＇ s position index, partic- ipation index and the revealed comparative index of domestic value added. It is found that in both manufacturing and service industry, global value chain posi- tion index and global value chain participation is linked with each other, but the positive relationship is not significant. The major forward participation and rela- tively minor backward participation contributes to a higher position index in the global value chain. For countries with medium or lower position index in global value chain, they, typically, have more backward participation or less forward par- ticipation. The revealed comparative advantage of Chinese manufacturing, service and their sub industries is generally featured by ＂labor intensive＂ with their lower position in the global value chain. And there is no obvious positive connection amongposition index, participation index in the global value chain and the trade scale in manufacturing and service industry.