农村社会学研究存在的问题与反思

Revisiting Studies on Rural Social Issues: Problems and Reflections

本文通过对一些与"农村社会结构和特征""农村社会组织""小农化(去小农化)""农村留守人口问题""村民自治问题""乡村教育问题"等有关的文献进行"再田野化"的调查和反思性研究发现,在农村社会学研究中至少存在以下四个没有受到关注的问题:一是有些研究者常常基于自己的知识背景和知识偏好对研究对象进行刻意的裁剪和装扮,进而出现了普遍且严重的学术割据现象;二是有的学术表述中不乏"符号暴力"面相;三是有的研究者刻意把农村社会问题话题化;四是有些文献更多展现的是研究者对农村社会的"消费"而非责任。上述问题的存在是部分学者"责任伦理"匮乏的表现。在推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化背景下,为了促成学术责任的落实,有必要对农村社会学研究进行重新定位。

After revisiting recent literature on rural social issues, this article attempts to address four problems. It shows that, firstly, scholars tend to tailor research objects to suit their own understanding or instrumental needs, which leads to Balkanization in the social academia. Secondly, symbolic violence can be observed in the academic expressions and narratives. A third problem relates to the phenomenon of topicalization in the studies of rural social issues. As a fourth problem, a number of scholars tend to exploit the rural society for their personal advantage, instead of contributing positively to the advancement of the rural society. All these problems reflect a lack of responsibility in Chinese rural studies. The study concludes with a call for re-orientation of researchers in the modernization of government system and governance capacity.