中国、日本与欧洲职业足球联赛竞争均衡性研究

Study on Competitive Balance of China,Japan and Europe Professional Football Leagues

选取中超、日本J1联赛和欧洲5大联赛1994-2015年共22个赛季的比赛结果,按照时间顺序将其分为2个阶段(每11个赛季为一个阶段),提出与构建了竞争均衡熵和成绩差距性指数,并对职业足球联赛的均衡性与差距性问题进行了分析,研究结果显示:1)中超和日本J1联赛的整体竞争均衡性都偏低,但日本J1联赛的主、客场竞争均衡熵则较高,而中超的主、客场竞争均衡熵明显低于其它各个联赛;2)英超与西甲在1994-2004赛季中有较高的竞争均衡性,但自2005赛季开始,却有十分明显的下降;3)德甲联赛的整体竞争均衡性一般,但主、客场的竞争均衡熵值较高,客场比赛各支球队的成绩差距在2005-2015赛季有较大幅度的减小。意甲联赛整体和主、客场的竞争均衡性都为一般,客场各支球队的成绩差距都比较大,但在2005-2015赛季则有所减小;4)法甲联赛有较高的竞争均衡性,其各支球队的成绩差距比较小。

This paper took match results of China Super League （CSL）, Japan J1 League （Jl） and Europe big five leagues in 22 seasons （1994-2015） as samples which were chronologically di- vided into two periods （ 11 seasons for one period）, and proposed and construed a competitive bal- mace entropy （CBE） and a performance difference index （PDI） to analyze the professional foot- ball leagues. The results showed that 1 ） the competitive balance of CSL and Japan J1 were lower, but the CBE of home and away matches in Japan J1 were higher, however the CBE of home and away matches in CSL were still lower ; 2） the competitive balance of England Premier League and Spanish La Liga were higher in 1994-2004 seasons, but had distinctly decreased since 2005 sea- son; 3） the competitive balance of whole season in German Bundesliga were ordinary, but CBE of home and away matches in German Bundesliga were higher, and the PDI among teams in away matches had greatly reduced in 2005-2015 seasons. The competitive balance of Italian Serie A were also ordinary in whole season, and in home or away matches, and the PDI among teams in away matches were greater, which decreased in 2005-2015 seasons ;4） French League 1 was high- er in competitive balance, and PDI among teams were also smaller.