农作制度对设施草莓土壤化学性状的影响

Effects of Cropping System on Chemical Properties of Protected Strawberry(Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) Soil

为了解长期种植设施草莓土壤化学性状的特点及其与农作制度的关系,在浙江省范围内采集草莓-水稻与草莓-蔬菜2种种植制度下的代表性设施草莓土壤,比较分析了2种种植制度下设施草莓土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁及p H值、电导率等化学指标。结果表明:浙江省设施草莓土壤盐分积累不明显,电导率较低,但土壤酸化显著;土壤有机质以中低等水平为主,平均为23.9 g/kg;全氮处于中高水平,平均为1.5 g/kg;土壤有效磷积累显著,平均高达142.1 mg/kg;速效钾处于中等水平,平均为122.9 mg/kg;交换性钙处于较高水平,平均为1235.5 mg/kg;交换性镁处于较低水平,平均为72.0 mg/kg。草莓-水稻与草莓-蔬菜2种种植制度下设施草莓土壤化学性状存在一定的差异,前者土壤电导率、有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾分别比后者低106.5μS/m、3.4 g/kg、0.6 g/kg、128.7 mg/kg和137.0 mg/kg;但土壤p H前者比后者高0.1个单位。研究认为,草莓-水稻种植制度下有利于缓解设施草莓土壤因长期过量施用化肥引起的土壤酸化,减免氮、磷等养分的过度积累等问题。

To understand chemical properties of soil with long-term strawberry cultivation and their relationship with cropping systems,typical soil samples were collected under two cropping systems（strawberry-rice rotation and strawberry-vegetable rotation） in Zhejiang Province,chemical properties,including organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium and magnesium,pH and electrical conductivity,were measured and compared.The results showed that electrical conductivity was generally low,suggesting no obvious salt accumulation in the soil but significant acidification of soil;organic matter was mainly at a low-medium level with an average amount of 23.9 g/kg;total nitrogen was generally high with an average amount of 1.5 g/kg;available phosphorus accumulated significantly in the soil,its average concentration was 142.1 mg/kg;available potassium was at a medium level with an average amount of 122.9 mg/kg;exchangeable calcium was at a high level with an average amount of 1235.5 mg/kg,and exchangeable magnesium was at a low level with an average amount of 72 mg/kg.Differences were observed in soil chemical properties between the two cropping systems,electrical conductivity,organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of strawberry-rice cropping system was 106.5 μS/m,3.4 g/kg,0.6 g/kg,128.7 mg/kg and 137.0 mg/kg lower than that of strawberry-vegetable cropping system respectively;but soil pH value was 0.1 unit higher.It was concluded that strawberry-rice cropping system was helpful to relieve the acidification of strawberry cultivating soil due to long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers,and reduce excessive accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil.