河南淅川申明铺遗址出土植物遗存的初步分析

A Preliminary Analysis of the Botanical Remains from the Shenmingpu Site in Xichuan, Henan

申明铺遗址位于河南省南阳市淅川县,遗址堆积从仰韶文化时期延续到战国中晚期。发掘过程中从不同时期的灰坑中浮选出了41份植物炭化遗存,分别来自龙山、西周、春秋、战国四个时期。共发现炭化果实、种子380粒,其中包括粟(Setaria italica)、黍(Panicum miliaceum)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)、青稞(Hordeum vulgare var.coeleste)、水稻(Oryza sativa)五种农作物的炭化籽粒及1粒疑似大麦(Hordeum vulgare)的颖果。其他可鉴定的种属还包括野大豆(Glycine soja)、紫苏(Perilla frutescens)、芸苔属(Brassica sp.)、萝卜属(Raphanus sp.)、石荠苎属(Mosla sp.)、拉拉藤属(Galium sp.)、车前属(Plantago sp.)、狗尾草属(Setaria sp.)等。浮选结果表明,龙山及春秋时期,粟均为最重要的农作物,但小麦的地位也在逐渐提高。至战国时期,小麦已与粟并列,成为主要作物之一。

The Shenmingpu site is located at Xichuan County, Henan Province. The cultural assemblage at this site has been divided into five periods, the Yangshao culture, the Longshan culture, Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period, and Warring States Period. Floatation was conducted during the excavation in 2009, and 41 samples were collected and processed. 380 charred fruits and seeds have been identified, including foxtail millet （ Setaria italica ） , common millet （ Panicum miliaceum ） , bread wheat （ Triticum aestivum ） , barley （ Hordeum sp. ） , rice （ Oryza sativa ） , Glycine soja, Perilla frutescens, Brassica sp., Raphanus sp., etc.. The quantitative analysis indicates that from the Longshan to Spring and Autumn Period, foxtail millet was the most important crop at the Shenmingpu site. However, wheat has become increasingly significant with time. During the Warring States Period, wheat has become a dominant crop together with foxtail millet.