中国主栽蓖麻品种在云南的适应性分析

Adaptation of Major Chinese Castor Cultivars in Yunnan Province

为了挑选出可直接应用于生产的优良蓖麻品种或优异的育种材料,以‘云蓖2号’为对照,根据物候期、抗性、株高、单株有效穗、单株蒴果数、百粒重、每公顷产量等多项指标,对国内21个蓖麻主栽品种在云南省的表现进行观察和统计分析。研究结果表明:‘云蓖麻5号’、‘云蓖麻4号’、‘通蓖麻8号’、‘淄蓖麻9号’、‘通蓖麻6号’5个品种的生育期在124~153天之间,与对照品种相仿,产量为2644.5~3934.35 kg/hm^2,显著高于对照品种。通过相关性分析结果显示:对蓖麻产量贡献因素最大的蓖麻农艺性状为单株总蒴果数与单株有效穗数。聚类分析将21个蓖麻品种划分为3大类群,根据不同特点为育种提供依据。初步鉴定出‘云蓖麻5号’、‘云蓖麻4号’、‘通蓖麻8号’、‘淄蓖麻9号’、‘通蓖麻6号’5个高产蓖麻品种可以直接用于生产或作为选育优良品种的材料。

The aim of this paper was to obtain excellent castor varieties for production or materials forbreeding. With the control variety of‘Yunbi 2＇, the agronomic characters including phenophase, resistance,plant height, the number of effective spikes per plant, the number of effective spike capsules per plant, 100-kernel weight and yield per hectare of 21 major castor cultivars cultivated in Yunnan were investigated andanalyzed. Results showed that the phenophase of‘Yunbima 5＇,‘Yunbima 4＇,‘Tongbima 8＇,‘Zibima 9＇,‘Tongbima 6＇were between 124-153 d which were similar to that of the control‘Yunbi 2＇. Yield of the fivecastor cultivars was 2644.5- 3934.35 kg/hm2, which was significantly higher than that of the control. Thecorrelation analysis of 11 agronomic characters showed that the largest contributors to the production were thenumber of effective spikes per plant and the number of effective spike capsules per plant. The 21 castorcultivars were distributed to 3 groups by cluster analysis, and breeding basis was provided according to thecharacteristics of each group. Preliminary result showed that‘Yunbima 5＇,‘Yunbima 4＇,‘Tongbima 8＇,‘Zibima 9＇,‘Tongbima 6＇were selected as high- yielding varieties which could be directly used forproduction or as materials for fine cultivar breeding.