施磷水平对辣木长势及养分吸收的影响

Effects of Phosphorus Level on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Moringa oleifera

研究不同施磷水平对辣木生长及氮、磷、钾养分吸收的影响,为明确辣木养分需求规律及最佳施磷量提供理论基础。以印度辣木(Moringa oleifera)为研究对象,采用生土与椰糠混合基质培养,观测不同施磷水平(0、125、250、375 mg/kg)下辣木株高、茎粗、干物质量及根冠比的差异,并分析植株体内氮、磷、钾养分含量及累积量。结果表明:辣木的株高、茎粗及干物质累积量均随施磷水平的提高而增加,且当磷施用量为375 mg/kg时,辣木各生长指标为最大值,其株高、茎粗及干物质累积量分别为不施磷处理的2.9、2.6、13.8倍。此外,多施磷肥可有效促进辣木根冠比及生物量的提高。供磷水平与辣木生长指标、养分含量及累积量都有较高的相关性。因此,375 mg/kg为本试验条件下最佳供磷水平,但实际生产中磷肥的最适田间用量还有待进一步探讨。

The paper aims to explore the effects of phosphorus level on the growth and uptake of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of Moringa oleifera, and provide a scientific basis for clarifying the law of nutrientrequirement and phosphorus application amount for Moringa oleifera. The mixed matrix of raw soil and coconutchaff were employed to plant Moringa oleifera, the authors observed the differences of phosphorus levels（0,125, 250 and 375 mg/kg） on the plant height, stem diameter, dry matter accumulation and root-shoot ratio andanalyzed the content and accumulation amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plants. The resultsshowed that： the plant height, stem diameter and dry matter accumulation of Moringa oleifera increased withthe phosphorus level increase; each growth index of Moringa oleifera reached the maximum when thephosphorus application amount was 375 mg/kg, the plant height, stem diameter and dry matter accumulationamount was 2.9, 2.6 and 13.8 times as much as that of the non-phosphorus treatment, respectively; besides,phosphate fertilizer could promote root growth and biomass of Moringa oleifera; phosphate application levelwas highly correlated with the growth indexes, the nutrient content and the cumulative amount of nutrient. As aresult, 375 mg/kg was the optimal phosphorus level under the experimental conditions, but the optimal dosageof the phosphate fertilizer in production should be further discussed.