国内大丽花品种资源保存现状及发展对策研究——以临洮大丽花为例

Variety Resources Preservation and Industrial Development of Dahlia pinnata in China——Take Lintao as an Example

甘肃省的临洮县在大丽花的育种、推广和产业发展方面处于全国领先地位,不但栽培面积广、从业人员多、品种自成体系、产品销往国内外,而且已成为中国国家地理保护产品,是名副其实的中国大丽花生产与销售中心。但近年来,临洮大丽花种植面积锐减、品种丢失严重、产业发展陷入低谷,同时国内其他地方的大丽花产业也面临着同样的问题。笔者通过查阅资料和实地调研,发现导致大丽花产业严重萎缩的原因有:(1)可耕土地与从业人员减少;(2)落后的设施条件跟不上产业发展的需求;(3)产品形态单一导致附加值低下;(4)缺乏理论指导限制了品种更新;(5)保护意识不强致使新品种流失严重等。并在此基础上提出了走出大丽花困境的对策:(1)加强大丽花育种与品种保护力度;(2)改变以农户为单元的落后经营模式;(3)构建现代化农业设施和物流平台;(4)开发大丽花新型产品;(5)通过花展活动带动地方经济与产业发展等。

Lintao of Gansu Province, as an important planting base of Dahlia pinnata, has the leading positionin D. pinnata breeding, extension and industry development. Meanwhile, Lintao D. pinnata not only has thewidest cultivated area, more practitioners, own variety system and overseas sales, but also is one of theprotection products of Chinese National Geographical, and Lintao has become the center of D. pinnata production and sale in China. However, the D. pinnata planting area in Lintao is decreasing, varietiesresources are lost seriously and industrial development has gone into the worst status in recent years, so do theother D. pinnata planting areas in China. After data analyses and on- the- spot investigations, the authorssummarized the causes of severe contraction of D. pinnata industry：（1） reduction of the arable land and thepractitioners;（2） backward facilities which could not keep up with industrial development;（3） simple productform which could lead to low additional value;（4） the lack of theoretical guidance which limited the varietyrenewal;（5） low of protection awareness which resulted in the lost of new varieties. Based on the above, theauthors proposed some strategies for recovery of D. pinnata industry：（1） to strengthen D. pinnata breeding andvariety protection;（2） to change the backward operation mode based on single village family;（3） to constructthe modern agricultural facilities and logistics platform;（4） to develop new products by researching varietiesresources;（5） to hold large scale flower show for driving D. pinnata industry development.