山西省主要粮食作物节肥增产潜力研究

Fertilizer-saving and Yield-increase Potential of Main Grain Crops in Shanxi Province

系统总结了2004—2013年山西省10年间主要粮食作物(春玉米、夏玉米、冬小麦)的播种面积、产量、肥料用量、养分效率的变化趋势,并分析了作物的节肥潜力。结果显示:2013年比2004年粮食作物播种面积增加了11.9%,总产量增加了23.6%,肥料用量同步增长了29.5%。粮食总产的增加主要源于玉米面积和产量的贡献,十年间玉米面积增加了48.4%,总产量增加了51.2%,而粮食单产却徘徊不前。对目前山西省粮食生产肥料偏生产力、节肥潜力等指标分析得出,在稳定钾肥施用前提下,玉米小麦生产能够节肥17万t,节肥潜力达22%;在节肥20%前提下,应用高产高效技术,山西能够同时实现粮食增产20%和氮肥偏生产力提高10%以上的目标,使山西省粮食生产达到节肥绿色增产的效果。

The planting area, productive yield, fertilizer usage and nutrient efficiency trend of main grain crops （spring maize, summer maize and winter wheat） from 2004 to 2013 in Shanxi was summarized in this paper, and the potential of fertilizer-saving was analyzed. The results showed that compared with that of 2004, the planting area of 2013 increased by 11.9%, the total grain production increased by 23.6%, the amount of fertilizer usage increased by 29.5%. The growth of maize＇ s planting area and yield mainly contributed to the growth of total grain yield, over the 10 years, maize planting area increased by 48.4%, total yield increased by 51.2%, however, the grain yield per unit area was stagnated. Through the analysis of fertilizer partial productivity and fertilizer-saving index, the results showed that on the premise of stable potassium fertilizer application, 170 thousand tons of fertilizer usage could be reduced in maize and wheat production, the fertilizer saving potential could reach 22%; Under the condition of saving 20% fertilizer and with high yield and high efficiency technology applied, the goal of grain yield increase of 20% and nitrogen partial productivity increase of 10% could be achieved, this could make grain production in Shanxi more fertilizer-saving and productive.