医院感染病原菌对抗菌药物和消毒剂的耐药现状分析

Current status of resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants in pathogens causing healthcare-associated infection

医院感染既是公共卫生问题,也是严重的临床问题;医院感染的发生不仅导致患者发病率和病死率的增加,也增加了医疗费用;医院感染的发生常由对抗菌药物耐药的病原菌所导致,而医院环境物体表面和医务人员的手既可成为病原微生物载体,也可形成一个感染传播的交叉链条,与医院感染的发生密切相关;因此,如何正确选择消毒剂有效地杀灭病原微生物成为有效预防控制医院感染发生的关键环节,最为关注的是,病原菌携带对消毒剂的耐药基因,并对常用消毒剂出现耐药;现就对医院感染病原菌对抗菌药物和消毒剂的耐药现状作一综述。

OBJECTIVE Healthcare-associated infection is not only apublic health issue but also a serious clinical problem.The incidence of healthcare-associated infection may lead to the increase of morbidity rate and mortality rate of patients as well as the medical cost.The healthcare-associated infection is usually induced by the pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics,however,the surfaces of objects in hospital environment and hands of healthcare workers may become the carriers of pathogenic microorganisms and form a cross chain for transmission of infection,which is closely associated with the incidence of healthcare-associated infection.Therefore,it is the key link to choose appropriate disinfectant for effective eradication of pathogenic microorganisms so as to prevent and control the healthcare-associated infection,the pathogens＇ carrying with resistance genes to disinfectants and emergence of resistance to the commonly used disinfectants are most concerned.This paper reviews the present situation of the resistance of the pathogens to antibiotics and disinfectants.