我国婚前医学检查现况与思考

The status in quo and thinking of premarital medical examination in China

目的:分析我国婚前医学检查现存主要问题,探讨提高婚检率、加强围婚人群婚育知识有效方式,为完善新形势下婚检服务模式提供依据。方法:通过对已有研究分析,总结我国婚检的现况和主要问题。结果:我国婚检率普遍较低而出生缺陷发生率攀升。强制婚检期全国婚检率平均60.9%,取消强制婚检2004年婚检率骤然降至2.6%后缓慢回升至2008年11.5%,免费自愿婚检期婚检率较快回升至2013年52.3%,但2015年北京市的婚检率仅为9.4%。出生缺陷发生率近几年呈持续上升趋势,到2010年高达14.9%,增长幅度达70.9%。围婚人群对婚前保健知识及生育知识的知晓率有待提高,婚检的服务流程和服务质量有待加强。结论:加强婚前健康教育宣传和指导工作,提高婚检服务水平,完善服务机构自身建设,注重政策引导,联合多部门协作推进婚检工作。

Objective： To analyze the main problems of premarital medical examination（PME） currently in China, to suggest on increasing the rate of PME and strengthening marital education of premarital people, and to provide evi- dence for improving service mode of PME in the new circumstances. Methods.. Summarized the status and main prob- lems of PME by the analysis of the literature. Result： The rate of PME was generally low, while the incidence of birth defects kept rising in China. During the mandatory PME period, the average rate of PME was 60.9%, but the rate of PME abruptly dropped to 2.6 % after cancelled compulsory PME,and thereafter gradually increased to 11.5 % in 2008. As the policies of the free-paid voluntary PME were subsequently issued, the rate of PME was quickly increased to 52. 3% in 2013, but the rate of Beijing PME was 9.44% in 2015. The incidence of birth defects had increased up to 14.9% in 2010, the growth rate was as high as 70.9 %.It was necessary to popularize the knowledge of PME and fertility a- mong premarital people. And it was necessary to improve the service procedure and quality of PME. Conclusion： It ＇s essential to strengthen publicity and guidance of premarital health education, to improve service of PME, to perfect service agencies self-construction, to focus on policy guidance, and to promote collaboration of different departments for premarital examination among.