太空探索正在进入航天器集群时代

Space Exploration Is Entering the Era of Spacecraft Cluster

随着科学技术的发展,现代小卫星的优势越来越明显,一方面,以美国、欧盟为首的航天大国已经将现代小卫星技术列为航天技术发展的重点领域之一;另一方面,多颗小卫星协同工作完成复杂太空探索任务已成为当今国际航天领域的一个研究热点。航天器集群的应用与开发必将成为未来国际太空发展的战略重点。为了全面地呈现这一技术,本文首先讨论微纳航天器集群概念的产生、定义和功能,介绍了集群鲁棒性、容错性和可扩展性,指出了航天器集群的优势,然后归纳和总结了国内外航天器集群的应用模式,并比较详细地分析了未来的国外航天器集群项目的应用模式和价值,在此基础上指出了航天器集群的关键技术要点和问题。

With the development of science and technology, the advantages of modern small satellites are becoming more and more salient. On the one hand, the modern small satellite technology has been listed as one of the key areas in the development of space technology by the space powers such as the United States and European Union. On the other hand, small satellites working together to complete complex space exploration missions has become a hot research topic in the field of international space. The application and development of spacecraft cluster will become the strategic focus of international space developinent in the future. In order to fully present the technology, this article firstly discusses the generation, definition and function of the concept of micro-nano spacecraft cluster, introduces the robustness, fault tolerance and scalability of cluster, and points out its advantages. After that, the article summarizes the application mode of the domestic and international spacecraft cluster, and thoroughly analyzes the application mode and value of the future toreign spacecraft cluster project. On the basis of this, this article shows the key technical points and problems of the spacecraft cluster.