美国研究型大学培养跨学科研究生的动因、路径及模式研究

Study on the Agent,Pathway and Mode of Training Interdisciplinary Graduate Students in American Research Universities

社会对高层次复合型人才需求的彰显对研究型大学跨学科研究生的培养提出了日趋显著的要求。美国跨学科研究生培养是内外部动因综合作用的结果,尤其是外部推力发挥了重要的效用。美国研究型大学将跨学科研究生教育视为培养拔尖人才的重要机制。当前,美国研究型大学主要采用四种路径实现跨学科研究生的培养,且四种路径下蕴含着极具共性的跨学科研究生培养模式。

In the modern society,the demand of high level compound talents has be-come more and more important to the cultivation of interdisciplinary graduate students in re-search universities. Interdisciplinary graduate training in the United States is the resultfrom combined effects of internal and external agent. Especially the external thrust plays animportant role. Interdisciplinary graduate education is an important mechanism for cultivat-ing talents in American research universities. At present,research universities in the Unit-ed States mainly adopt four pathways to realize the cultivation of interdisciplinary graduatestudents,and there is a common interdisciplinary graduate training mode under the fourkinds of pathways.