上海民工小学学生营养干预效果

Effects of nutrition intervention among students in primary school for children of migrant workers in Shanghai

目的了解营养干预对上海民工小学学生营养知识、态度和行为及午餐营养状况的影响,为促进民工子女生长发育,开展健康教育提供依据。方法于2014—2015年采用分层整群抽样方法选取4所民工学校,随机分为干预组和对照组,选取4年级和5年级学生作为研究对象。干预包括食堂干预和学生干预。干预前后进行调查,调查包含一般问卷、体质测试和膳食调查。结果干预组平均体重、体质指数、握力、营养态度正确率和折纸测试得分上升量高于对照组。干预有助于提高膳食指南知晓和学校午餐喜好率。除脂肪外,干预组能量和主要营养素平均摄入量增加值高于对照组。干预组粮谷类、大豆及豆制品和蔬菜的平均摄入量增加值高于对照组,动物性食品的平均摄入量下降值高于对照组,以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组能量、主要营养素及各类食物的平均摄入量更接近于标准值。结论营养干预对学生生长发育、营养知识、营养态度、认知能力及膳食摄入都有积极的影响。

Objective To evaluate effects of nutrition intervention on nutrition knowledge,attitude and practice and lunch nutrition situation of students in primary school for children of migrant workers in Shanghai,to provide evidence for promoting children ＇s growth and development and health education. Methods A total of 4 primary schools for children of migrant workers in Shanghai were selected by stratified cluster sampling in 2014- 2015,and then were randomly assigned to intervention or control group. All students of 4and 5 grades were selected as subject. Nutrition intervention included the school canteen and students. Survey was implemented before and after intervention, and included demographic questionnaire,physical test and nutrition survey using dietary recall. ResultsThe average rise in quantity of weight,BMI,the power of gripping,nutrition attitude accuracy and paper folding test score in intervention group were significantly higher than control group. Intervention was helpful to improve the awareness rates of dietary guidelines and the favor rate of school lunch. Except fat,the average rise in intake of energy and main nutrients in intervention group were significantly higher than control group. The average rise in intake of food grains,soybeans and soy products and vegetables and the average falling in intake of animal food in intervention group were significantly higher than control group. All of the differences were statistically significant（ P 0. 05）. The average intake of energy,main nutrients and some kinds of food in intervention group were more close to the standard.Conclusion Nutrition intervention has a positive impact on students ＇ growth and development,nutrition knowledge and attitude,cognitive ability and dietary intake,and should be put into widespread application.