煤码头煤尘职业健康影响风险评估

Risk assessment of occupational health effect of coal dust in coal wharf

目的评估煤码头煤尘职业健康风险,确定高风险岗位。方法以渤海地区2个5万~15万吨级煤码头接触煤尘作业人员作为研究对象,采用职业卫生调查了解煤码头的生产工艺、煤尘分布、煤尘游离二氧化硅含量、防尘措施设施、个人使用的职业病防护用品、职业卫生管理等情况,采用滤膜称重法测定各工作场所和主要接尘岗位的煤尘接触浓度,采用国际釆矿与金属委员会职业健康风险评估方法和职业危害风险指数法评估主要接尘岗位的煤尘健康风险。结果煤码头转接塔、翻车机、装船机和煤堆场附近工作场所的煤尘浓度较高,浓度范围为总尘8.8~85.1 mg/m^3,呼尘2.3~32.3 mg/m^3。国际采矿与金属委员会职业健康风险评估法评估结果:78.6%的岗位职业健康风险为"不可容忍"水平,各岗位风险值翻车机司机的总尘与呼尘(1500、5000)、舱口指挥工的呼尘(1500)和煤堆场清扫工的呼尘(900)风险值明显高于转接塔巡视工(600)、堆取料机司机(450)。风险指数法评估结果:翻车机司机的呼尘和总尘分别为重度和中度危害(危害指数分别为40.03和16.95),卸煤部清扫工和煤堆场清扫工的总尘均为轻度危害(危害指数分别为6.02和8.70),其余均为无危害。结论煤码头煤尘职业危害主要集中在煤炭装卸(重度和中度危害)、转运(轻度危害)和二次扬尘(轻度危害)过程。

Objective To assess the occupational health risk of coal dust in coal wharf,identify the high risk post. Methods The research took workers who were exposed to coal dust in two 50- 150 thousands tons coal wharfs around bohai as subjects. The field investigation to get the infoamtion of production technology,distribution of coal dust,free silica content of coal dust,dust prevention measures and facilities,personal protection equipment,occupational health management,etc were used. The coal dust concentration of workplaces and the main positions were detected by filter membrane weighing method.The health risk of the coal dust to the main posts were assessed with the InternationalCouncil on Mining and Metals risk assessment method and occupational hazard risk index method. Results In the coal wharf,the concentration of coal dust at transferring tower,car dumper,ship loader,and coal storage yard were higher than other workplace,range of concentration： total dust 8. 8-85.1 mg/m^3,respirable dust 2. 3- 32. 3 mg/m^3。The assessing result of ICMM method was that,78. 6% of the posts were at ＂intolerable＂level of occupational risk. The risk values of the driver of car dumper（ 1500,5000）,the hatch commander（ 1500）,and the cleaners of coal storage yard（ 900） were higher than transfer tower patrol workers（ 600）,drivers of material piling and taking machine（ 450）. The assessing result of occupational hazard risk index method was that,the risk degree of total dustand respirable dusttothe driver of car dumper was ＂severe＂and ＂moderate＂（ the risk index was 40. 03 and 16. 95,respectively）,and the risk degree of the total dust to the cleaners of coal unloading department and coal storage yard were ＂light＂（ the risk index was 6. 02 and 8. 70,respectively）,with other posts＇ ＂no harm ＂. Conclusion The occupational hazard of coal wharf is focused on the processes of loading and unloading（ ＂severe＂and＂moderate＂）,transferring（ ＂light＂） and reentrainment（ ＂light＂）.