不同除草剂对间作玉米大豆的药害及除草效果

The Influence of Different Herbicides on Intercropping Soybean and Maize

采用盆栽方法模拟玉米大豆间作模式栽培,选用10种土壤处理除草剂和13种茎叶处理除草剂,研究不同除草剂对玉米、大豆生长发育的影响及杂草的防效。结果表明:通过试验筛选出药害轻或药害后能恢复的5种土壤处理剂和5种茎叶处理剂,5种土壤处理剂分别为二甲戊灵、精异丙甲草胺、扑·乙·滴丁酯、乙·嗪·滴丁酯、嗪酮·乙草胺,5种茎叶处理剂分别为灭草松、噻吩磺隆、双氟·唑嘧胺、氟醚·灭草松、咪唑乙烟酸。二甲戊灵和嗪酮·乙草胺的土壤处理中玉米、大豆的株高、茎粗和干物重与清水对照差异不显著,对玉米、大豆安全,株防效分别为60.58%和60.58%,鲜重防效分别为67.12%和55.35%。精异丙甲草胺影响间作玉米的株高和茎粗,但不影响玉米干物质的积累,株防效和鲜重防效分别为71.96%和78.83%,高于其它除草剂。茎叶处理中灭草松安对玉米、大豆的株高、茎粗和干物重与清水对照差异不显著,株防效为52.7%,低于其它除草剂。噻吩磺隆处理后,玉米、大豆的株高受到抑制,茎增粗,但药害能恢复,且除草效果高于其它处理,株防效和鲜重防效分别为73.88%和96.1%。土壤处理剂二甲戊灵和茎叶处理剂灭草松对玉米、大豆更安全,土壤处理剂精异丙甲草胺和茎叶处理剂噻吩磺隆除草效果更好。

In order to study the impact of different herbicides on corn and soybean growth and weed control effect, we simulated maize intercropping pattern of soybean cultivation in pot method. Ten kinds of soil treatment with herbicide and 13 kinds of treating stems and leaves to the herbicide were chosen. Results showed that： Five soil treatment and five stem-leaf treatment could flit out drug victims light or the drug victims could recovery. The five soil treatments include Pendimethalin, S-metolachlor, Prometryn ＋ Acetochlor ＋ 2,4-D butyl ester, Acetochlor ＋ Metribuzin ＋ 2,4-D butyl ester and Acetochlor ＋ Metribuzin. The five stem-leaf treatments include Bentazone, Thifensulfuron methyl, Florasulam ＋ Flumetsulam, Fomesafen ＋ Bentazone and Imazethapyr. In the soil treatment of Pendimethalin and Acetochlor ＋ Metribuzin, plant height, stem diameter and dry matter weight of corn and soybean showed no significant difference compared with CK, the weed control of number was 60. 58% and 60. 58%, respectively, the weed control of weight was 67. 12% and 55. 35%, respectively. S-metolachlor was harmful to plant height and stem diameter of intercropping maize, but did not affect maize dry matter accumulation. Its fresh weight of control effect is 71.96% and 78. 83%, higher than other herbicides. In the stem-leaf treatment of Bentazone, plant height, stem diameter and dry matter weight of corn and soybean showed no significant difference compared with CK, the weed control of number was 52. 7%, lower than other herbicides. After the maize and soybean treated with Thifensulfuron methyl, plant height decreased and stem enlarged, but the phytotoxicity could resume after herbicides and the weed control effect was higher than other herbicides, the weed control of number and weed control of weight were 73.88% and 96. 1%, respectively. Soil treatment Pendimethalin and Stem-leaf treatment Bentazone are safer for corn and soybean, soil treatment S-metolachlor and Stem-leaf treatment Thifensulfuron methyl are better for weeding.