4Portney LG, Watkins MP, Foundations of clinical research:applications to practice. 3rd ed, NJ: Pearson & Prentice Hall,2009.
5Guan N,Fan QF,Ding J,et al. Melamine-contaminated powderedformula and urolithiasis in young children. N Engl J Med, 2009,360:1067-1074.
6Rettig RA. The industrialization of clinical research,Health Aff,2000,19:129-146.
7邱鸿钟.中西医学术范式之比较研究[J].医学与哲学,1985,(10):21-24.
8Liu B, Zhou X, Wang Y, etal. Data processing and a- nalysis in real-world traditional Chinese medicine clinical data: challenges and approaches[J]. Stat Med, 2012,31 (7):653-660.
9Grapow MT, yon Wattenwyl R, Guller U, et al. Ran domized controlled trials do not reflect reality: real world analyses are critical for treatment guidelines] [J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2006,132(1) ~5 - 7.
10Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, De Rosa M. Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER). Lancet, 1999,353 : 1386-1389.