蔬菜自动嫁接技术研究现状与发展分析

Development Status and Analysis of Automatic Grafting Technology for Vegetables

嫁接在提高作物抗病能力、生长速度、单位产量,减少施肥、施药等方面具有积极作用,是多类蔬菜大规模生产的重要环节,而自动化嫁接能够有效提高嫁接效率和嫁接苗成活率,正在成为蔬菜商业化生产的刚性需求。本文对中国、日本、荷兰、西班牙、意大利等国蔬菜自动嫁接技术的研究现状和发展动态进行了分析;归纳出5项蔬菜自动化嫁接关键技术:幼苗机械化抓取技术,幼苗自动输送技术,砧、穗木切削技术,砧、穗木接合固定技术,自动嫁接系统控制技术,并逐一进行了阐述;最后对目前本领域的研究特点和发展趋势进行了总结和展望,认为蔬菜嫁接自动化程度将进一步提高,单机嫁接规模将进一步扩大,农艺、人工智能、人因工程等间接因素将为自动嫁接机未来的性能提升带来助力。

For grafting brings various advantages speeding the growth, increasing production of per to plants, such as enhancing the disease resistance, unit and reducing chemical application, it is a crucial step in large-scale vegetable production. Furthermore, automatic grafting by machine can effectively improve the survival rate of grafted seedlings and the working efficiency, which makes this kind of technology a rigid demand in vegetables＇ commercial production. At present, global research within the field of automatic grafting and related robotic technologies has been carried out for years. The recent developments and the key technologies were systematically analyzed based on studying information in both academic and commercial fields. And five kinds of key technologies were brought forward, which were seeding mechanical grabbing technology, seeding romanticized delivering technology, stock/scion cutting technology, stock/scion joining technology and controlling technology tbr the grafting system. Moreover, the conclusion and prospection for the worldwide automatic grafting technologies were provided from three aspects： firstly, the level of the automation for grafting machines would make a further progress in the near future; secondly, the amount of the plants that a single grafting machine can process was supposed to increase; thirdly, the state of the art technologies in relationed fields, such as agronomy, ergonomie and artificial intelligence, would promote the grafting machines＇ performance more in the future.