全膜面覆土式马铃薯播种联合作业机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Combined Potato Planting Machine for Covering Soil on Top of Full Film Surface

为实现马铃薯大垄双行膜上覆土自然破膜出苗机械化栽培,设计了一种可实现施肥、播种、起垄、覆膜和全膜面覆土一体化作业的全膜面覆土式马铃薯播种联合作业机。对样机关键部件进行了设计,确定其排肥系统、链勺式排种系统工作参数,同时分析了提土-膜面覆土装置作业过程,得到满足膜顶覆土厚度的必要作业条件。田间试验结果表明,当作业速度为1.8~2.0 km/h时,重种指数为4.9%,漏种指数为6.6%,种植深度合格率为95.2%,种薯间距合格指数为90.1%,膜顶覆土厚度合格率为98.8%,各行排肥量一致性变异系数为6.5%,总排肥量稳定性变异系数为5.1%,试验指标均符合国家和行业标准要求,试验结果满足设计和实际作业要求。

Aiming at enhancing the mechanization level of potato cultivation, promoting the development of potato industry, and further integration agronomic requirement of seedlings emerge cultivation pattern of potato self-puncture with covering soil on the film, a combined potato planting machine was designed, which synchronously realized institutional operation, such as fertilization, seeding, ridging, film mulching and covering soil on the top of full film surface. Based on the prototype, key parts were designed and selected, and the structure and operation parameters of fertilizing system and chain-spoon potato metering device were determined. The operation process of covering soil on the top of full film surface was analyzed, and the necessary work conditions to make sure that the covering soil thickness on the top of full film surface were obtained by analysis and calculation. For the relevant work performance test of prototype, the field experimental results showed that under the condition of operation speed of 1.8 2.0 km/h, the multiple index was 4.9% , the missing index was 6.6% , the qualification rate of planting depth was 95.2% , the potato distance qualified index was 90. 1% , the qualification rate of covering soil on the top of full film surface was 98.8% , the variation coefficient of fertilizer consumption consistency for each row was 6.5% , and the variation coefficient of fertilizer consumption stability for the total row was 5.1% , which were up to the relevant work quality evaluation specification requirements, and also the experimental results met the design requirements of combined operation machine. The research results provided an important reference for the plastic film mulching cultivation pattern of root-tuber crop combined machine development.