皮状丝孢酵母产油脂的研究

Study on production of oils from Trichosporon cutaneum

本文对皮状丝孢酵母的生长发育和油脂合成进行了研究,监测和分析了酵母菌生长发育、油脂合成和脂肪酸成分及数量,检测了形态、OD值、糖氮代谢、p H、生物量、油脂含量和脂肪酸组分。结果表明:皮状丝孢酵母生长80 h左右时镜检测得菌细胞体内含油脂情况与80 h左右时实际提油获得的油脂量相一致,其油脂产量为3.66 g/L,含油率约为39.20%。皮状丝孢酵母生长0~6 h为适应期,此时糖氮的消耗明显,细胞数量缓慢增加;6~25 h为对数期,氮消耗非常显著,细胞数量急剧增加,细胞变大;25~120 h为稳定期,糖的消耗明显,消耗速度显然大于氮的消耗,细胞内开始慢慢积累油脂;之后为衰退期,氮的消耗基本趋于平稳。皮状丝孢酵母所产脂肪酸主要以C16、C18为主,此类脂肪酸适于进行脂交换制备生物柴油。

This study focused on the growth development and oil synthesis of Trichosporon cutaneum. The morphology of T.cutaneum, OD value, sugar and nitrogen concentrations,pH, oil content and the profile of the total fatty acid were individually measured and analyzed.The study demonstrated that the quantity of extracted oils from T.cutaneum was well agreed with its intracellular oils at 80 h,at this time the production and content of oil were 3.66 g/L and 39.20%, respectively. Meanwhile, results showed that the time from 0 h to 6 h was the lag phase,at which the consumptions of sugar and nitrogen were obvious, and the cell numbers was increased slowly.From 6 h to 25 h,the concentrations of sugar and nitrogen were rapidly decreased, and the cell numbers was largely increased, thus this period represented the logarithmic phase. From 25 h to 120 h, the consumption rate of sugar was higher than that of nitrogen, and the intracellular oils were gradually accumulated at this period, which named stationary phase. Thereafter, cells entered into decline phase, at which the concentrations of sugar and nitrogen were maintained constantly at low levels. More importantly, long chain saturated fatty acids were the most mainly fatty acid in total lipid of T.cutaneum,giving a new source for the preparation of biodiesel.