总评归一值法优选山豆根茎多糖的微波预处理-超声波提取工艺及生物活性研究

Optimization of ultrasonic extraction coupled with microwave treatment of polysaccharose from Sophora Tonkinensis Gapnep.by overall desirability and its biological activity

目的:研究山豆根茎多糖的微波预处理-超声波提取工艺及其生物活性。方法:以多糖得率和多糖纯度的总评归一值为评价指标,采用正交设计优选山豆根茎多糖的微波预处理-超声波提取工艺,并对其稳定性、抗氧化活性和清除亚硝酸盐活性三种生物活性进行研究。结果:最佳提取工艺条件为:解析剂比1∶5(g/m L),微波时间30 s,料液比1∶25(g/m L),超声功率140 W,提取时间20 min,该工艺条件下,多糖得率为3.27%,多糖纯度为29.49%,提取效果优于热水浸提法和超声波提取法。多糖稳定性研究表明粗多糖在温度40~70℃、Ca^(2+)或柠檬酸中较稳定,但在温度高于70℃、H_2O_2、Na_2SO_3、VC、Na^+、Al^(3+)、Cu^(2+)或Fe^(3+)的条件下稳定性较差。体外抗氧化活性研究表明粗多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性,当浓度为1.96 mg/m L时,微波预处理-超声波提取法粗多糖对·OH和O-2·的清除率分别可达78.14%和71.16%;亚硝酸盐清除研究表明粗多糖具有良好的清除亚硝酸盐活性,当添加量为20 m L(或19.60 mg)时,清除率可达82.94%,清除效果与0.32 mg VC相当;相同浓度下,微波预处理-超声波提取法所提取的粗多糖对O-2·和亚硝酸盐的清除活性与超声提取法相当,且对·OH的清除活性优于超声提取法。结论:山豆根茎中富含多糖类物质,具有良好的抗氧化活性和清除亚硝酸盐活性,粗多糖稳定性较差,建议低温避光保存。

Objective：To study the microwave treatment-ultrasonic extraction of S.tonkinensis polysaccharose and its biological activity.Methods：The polysaceharide yield and the purity of polysaccharide as index, the orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharose from S.tonkinensis through microwave treatment-ultrasonic extraction, and the stability, antioxidant activity and nitrite scavenging activity were also studied.Results：The optimum technological conditions were as followed ： desorption agent ratio of 1：5 （g/mL） , microwave time of 30 s, solid/liquid ratio of 1 ： 25 （g/mL） , ultrasonic power of 140 W, extraction time of 20 min.Under the optimum conditions, the yield of polysaccharose was 3.27%, the purity of polysaccharide was 29.49% ,the extraction effect was better than hot water extraction and ultrasonic extraction.The stability result showed that polysaccharose from S.tonkinensis was more stable under the conditions of temperatures of 40-70 ℃, Ca2＋ or citric acid,but it was less stable under the conditions of higher than 70 ℃, H2 O5, Na2SO3, Vc, Na ＋ , Al3 ＋ , Cu2 ＋ or Fe3 ＋ .The antioxidant activity research showed that polysaccharose from S.tonkinensis had antioxidant activities.When the concentration was 1.96 mg/mL, the clearance rates of microwave treatment-ultrasonic extraction polysaccharides from S.tonkinensis to O2- · and · OH were 71.16 % and 78.14 % , respectively.The results of nitrite scavenging indicated that S. tonkinensis polysaccharose had a good nitrite scavenging activity. When the extraction volume was 20 mL, the removal rate of microwave treatmentultrasonic extraction polysaccharides was 82.94% , and the removal efficiency was equivalent to 0.32 mg Vc. The O2-· and nitrite clearance activities of S. tonkinensis polysaccharides extracted by microwave treatment-ultrasonic were equivalent to the polysaccharides extracted by ultrasonic at the same concentration, and the · OH clearance rates of polysaccbarides extracted by microwave treatment-ultrasonic extraction was better than the polysaccharides extracted by ultrasonic. Conclusion ：S.tonkinensis was abundant with polysaccharide, which had good antioxidant activity, nitrite scavenging activity. But the stability of S.tonkinensis polysaccharide was poor,which should be stored in cool and dark condition.