地方政府竞争对城市化发展失衡的影响

Influences on the unbalanced development of urbanization by the local government's competition

从产业结构失衡和财政支出偏向两个角度考察了地方政府竞争对城市化失衡的影响机制。利用我国275个地级及以上城市的面板数据进行计量分析发现,地方政府间的绝对竞争和相对竞争均会导致城市的产业结构偏向第二产业,并进一步引致人口城市化滞后于土地城市化。地方政府间的绝对竞争虽然对公共服务财政支出占比有显著的负向影响,但财政支出偏向并不是政府竞争影响城市化失衡的中间机制。分等级城市样本的实证分析表明,大城市政府间的绝对竞争越激烈,人口城市化滞后的失衡程度越高,而中小城市地方政府更倾向于与省内行政等级相同的其他城市竞争流动性资源,其相对竞争程度越高,人口城市化滞后的失衡程度越高。

This essay studies the impact of local government competition on unbalanced development of urbanization from the perspectives of industrial structure imbalance and fiscal expenditure bias. This essay makes an empirical study by using the panel data of 275 prefecture - level cities. The empirical resuits indicate that the absolute and relative competition between local governments will lead to the industrial structure of the city in favor of the second industry, and further lead to the popula- tion urbanization lagging behind the land urbanization. Although the absolute competition among local governments has a signifi- cantly negative impact on the proportion of public service fiscal expenditure, the financial expenditure bias is not the intermedi- ate mechanism of government competition affecting urbanization imbalance. The empirical study of subsamples split based on ur- ban scale shows that the more intense the absolute competition a- mong governments of big cities, the higher degree of imbalance that population urbanization lags behind, while the medium and small - sized cities are inclined to compete with other cities of the same level of administrative rank in the province.