城乡家庭的社会资本与高等教育需求关系实证分析

An Empirical Analysis on the Relationship between Social Capital and the Demand of Urban and Rural Households' Higher Education

通过对3050位高中学生家长的调查问卷分析表明,城乡家庭的社会资本存在差异,城市家庭社会资本优越于农村家庭,导致它们的高等教育需求出现差异。亲属朋友系企业员工、公务员及事业单位人员为主的城市家庭,选择经济发达地区重点本科高校,追求研究生高学历层次,定位于学术型高校,回避农学专业;而以农民工为主的农村家庭,倾向于经济欠发达地区一般本科高校,偏向于应用型高校,重视专业技能的掌握。面对城乡家庭社会资本存在的差异,需要农村家庭丰富社会资源,加大经济发达地区重点高校招收农村大学生的入学比例,加强贫困大学生的资助体系,落实教育公平。

Through the investigation on 3050 senior high school students＂ parents shows that it isdifferent between urban and rural households＂ social capital, city households＂ social capital is superior to therural households, which resulted in the difference of their demands of higher education. As city households＂relatives and friends mostly are department employees, civil servants and institutions of staff, they choose thekey universities in economically developed areas, pursuit the high level of the graduate education, located inacademic institutions, and to avoid agriculture profession; rural households＂ relatives and friends mainly aremigrant workers, so they tend to choose general undergraduate colleges and universities in economically lessdeveloped areas, in favor of application-oriented universities, pay attention to achieve professional skills.Facing the differences of households＂ social capital in urban and rural areas, we need to enrich the socialresources of rural households, increase the proportion of rural students＂ enrollment of key universities ineconomically developed areas, strengthen the financial aid system for poor college students, and implementeducational fair.