泰安茶区不同品种嫩梢生化成分的季节差异分析

Analysis on Seasonal Difference of Biochemical Components in Young Shoots of Different Tea Varieties in Taian

为筛选泰安地区适生的优质无性系茶树良种,探究不同季节各品种的新梢生化特性,为不同季节优质茶类加工提供理论依据,对比分析了泰安地区长势良好的12个无性系引种品种春、夏、秋三季嫩梢的主要品质生化成分。结果表明:(1)10个绿茶和红绿茶兼制品种春季生化适制性未发生变化,但夏、秋季酚氨比值均大于8,符合红茶和乌龙茶的生化适制特性;(2)金萱、黄观音、正谷大白、槠叶齐、碧香早、白毫早六个品种的水浸出物含量高和/或可溶性糖、可溶性果胶、可溶性蛋白三者的总量高,可作为泰安茶区夏秋优质茶生产的主栽品种。(3)不同生化成分含量随季节呈现出多种变化类型,推测与品种的生态型有关。

In order to screen high quality clonal tea varieties suitable for Taian area,and explore the biochemical characteristics of young shoots of different varieties in different seasons to provide theoretical bases for the processing of high-quality tea,we compared the contents of main biochemical components in young shoots of 12 introduced clonal tea varieties in Taian area in spring,summer and autumn.The results showed that the processing suitability of 10 clonal varieties for green or both green and black tea did not change in spring,but it turned to be suitable for black tea or oolong tea in summer and autumn because their phenol ammonia ratio was larger than 8.The contents of water extracts and/or total of soluble sugar,soluble pectin and soluble protein of six clonal varieties including Jinxuan,Huangguanyin,Zhenggudabai,Zhuyeqi,Bixiangzao and Baihaozao were high,so they could be used as the main cultivars for high-quality tea in summer and autumn in Taian.The contents of different biochemical components showed different change types in different seasons,which might be related to the ecotype of species.