某三级综合医院实习生职业暴露探析

The Analysis of Occupational Exposure among Interns at A Comprehensive Hospital

目的了解某三甲医院实习生职业暴露情况,分析职业暴露发生的原因及预防措施。方法对该院2011年1月-2015年6月发生职业暴露的37名实习生资料进行分析。结果在发生职业暴露的实习生当中,实习护士占比最多,为70.27%(26例次)。职业暴露主要原因为操作过程中意外,由此引起的职业暴露高达51.35%(19例次);其次为锐器管理不规范,占比43.24%(16例次)。暴露源不明确14例次(37.84%),在已明确的暴露源中为HBV者17例次,占45.95%;其次为HCV者4例次,占10.81%。职业暴露方式以锐器伤为主,占94.59%(35例次),黏膜接触占5.41%(2例次)。空心针刺伤是主要的职业暴露方式,28例次(75.67%)。结论实习护士是职业暴露高危群体。做好实习生职业安全培训并规范管理锐器可以减少实习生职业暴露发生。

Objective To investigate occupational exposure among interns in a comprehensive hospital, and to ana- lyze the causes and preventive measures of occupational exposure. Methods Data of occupational exposure among interns was analyzed from January 2011 to June 2015. Results A total of 37 times occupational exposure, 70. 27% （26 times） oc- curred in nursing students. The main reason for the occupational exposure is the operation accident, up to 51.35% （ 19 times）. Another reason is the sharp management irregularities, up to 43.24% （ 16 times）. Exposure sources of 14 times （37.84%） were unidentified. 17 times （45.95%） occurred in HBV has been identified. Sharp injury was the most major type of exposure, which accounting for 94. 59% （35 times）. 2 times （5.41%） occurred in mucosal contact. The main med- ical devices that caused injuries were hollow needles （75.67%）. Conclusion The high - risk population for occupational exposure is nursing student. Strengthen occupational safety training and standardized management of sharps can reduce occu- pational exposure among interns.