小额诉讼当事人的程序权利保障研究

Research on the Protection of Litigants' Rights in Small Claims Proceeding

现行民事诉讼立法对小额诉讼程序的功能定位存在偏差,严重忽略了当事人程序权利的保障,导致小额诉讼程序对当事人的吸引力下降,在司法实践中适用率极低。小额诉讼程序在追求诉讼效率的同时,应遵循保障最低限度的程序正义、尊重当事人对私权纠纷的处分自由、注重权利的操作性与救济性等基本原则;在此理念指引下,明确赋予当事人充分享有管辖异议权、程序异议权、合意选择权、委托代理权、最低限度参与庭审权和审级救济权等基本程序权利,并完善各项权利的具体程序设置。

The current civil procedure legislation deviates from the due functional positioning of small claims proceeding. This biased positioning seriously neglects the protection of litigants＇ procedural rights, resulting in diminished attractiveness of small claims proceeding to litigants and its low application rate in practice. Small claims proceeding, while seeking efficiency, should follow the fundamental princ judicial iples of protecting the minimum procedural justice, respecting litigants＇ freedom of disposition in disputes of private rights, and caring about the operable and remedial nature of rights. The small claims proceeding must clearly allow litigants to fully use their rights of objection to jurisdiction and procedures, consensual choice, agent authorization, minimum attendance of court hearing, and instance level relief. It must also specify the procedures of all these rights.