失独中老年人生活体验的质性研究

Life Experience of Elderly Parents Who Have Lost Their Only Child:A Qualitative Research

目的深入了解南昌市失独中老年人的真实生活体验,以期为制订针对性的干预措施提供参考。方法 2015年5-9月,采用目的抽样法,选择南昌市15名失独中老年人为为研究对象,采用现象学研究方法对其进行半结构式访谈,现场录音,借助QSR Nvivo9.2软件,根据Colaizzi的7步分析法对资料进行分析,提炼主题。结果南昌市失独中老年人生活体验可归纳为2个类属8个主题,类属一:正性体验,即心理韧性、相互倾诉、同伴教育、抱团取暖;类属二:负性体验,即悲伤、绝望,孤独感、思念孩子,隔离自己、逃避现实,强烈的自责感,担心医疗、养老等。结论失独中老年人的生活体验以负性体验为主,医护人员及社会广大力量可根据失独者个人特点帮助其应对负性体验,并给予正向激励,激发其心理韧性,克服负性体验及各种困难,不断地朝着积极方向发展,从而回归、融入社会。

Objective To describe the real life experience of elderly parents who have lost their only child in Nanchang city,so as to provide theoretical basis for formulating nursing interventions measures.Methods By using phenomenological method,15 elderly parents who have lost their only child in Nanchang city were selected and investigated by semi-structured interview.Data were recorded by using QSR Nvivo 9.2 software,and data were analyzed by using Colaizzi 7steps method,and the themes were recorded.Results Eight core categories involved positive and negative aspect of life experiences were identified.Positive experiences included resilience,pouring out their heart each other,peer education.The negative experiences were sadness and desperation,loneliness and missing,isolation and escapism,self-accusation,worrying about health care and social security pension.Conclusions The life experience of elderly parents who have lost their only child was given priority to negative experience.Healthcare personnel and the society should help them to deal with their negative experience and overcome various difficulties.