水库水温数学模型适用性研究

Study on Applicability of Mathematical Models of Reservoir Water Temperature

利用水库水温数学模型掌握水库的水温分层规律及下泄水温过程,是工程环境影响预测和水库水质管理的重要手段。水库水温预测数学模型较多,国内对水库水温预测模型的应用大多是单个模型在个案中的研究,不同模型的适用性比较研究相对较少。选择现有5种较为常用的水库水温预测数学模型,包括垂向一维模型、立面二维模型WWL和CE-QUAL-W2,以及三维模型MIKE3和EFDC,利用典型湖泊型水库——东江和河道型水库——三板溪的实测资料,对模型进行对比验证和参数率定。根据计算结果,并结合模型的简化假定、紊流模式和数值计算方法,探讨了5种模型的适用性和局限性,并对不同类型的水库推荐了适宜的水库水温预测方法。

Mathematical models of reservoir water temperature were used to analyze the stratification rule of reservoir water temperature and the process of discharge water temperature, which are important means to predict the environmental impact of projects, and manage the quality of reservoir water. Nowadays, there are many mathematical models of reservoir water temperature prediction. However, the domestic applications of reservoir water temperature prediction are mostly based on single model in individual cases. The comparative study on the applicability of different models is very rare. In this paper, five common models of reservoir water temperature prediction were compared, including one vertical one-dimensional model, two vertical two-dimensional models- WWL and CE-QUAL-W2, as well as two three-dimensional models - MIKE3 and EFDC. Based on the measured data of typical lake-like reservoir-Dongjiang and fiver-like reservoir- Sanbanxi, these models were verified, and the model parameters were calibrated. Based on calculation results, simplifying assumptions, turbulence models and calculation methods of the models, the applicability and limitation of each model were discussed respectively. The suitable models of water temperature prediction were recommended for different types of reservoirs.