2011-2015年我国新发现成年女性艾滋病感染者流行特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of HIV infections in adult females in China,2011-2015

目的了解我国成年女性艾滋病病毒(HIV)携带者的流行特征,探索性分析影响成年女性感染HIV的潜在因素。方法收集2011-2015年我国新发现≥15岁女性HIV感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)的人口学、行为学信息,分析该人群的传播途径特征和流行趋势变化。结果 2011-2015年每年新发现成年女性HIV/AIDS病例数有所上升。异性传播尤其是非婚异性性接触感染是主要传播途径,其构成比逐年上升。2012年开始,40~94岁组女性感染者为首要受累人群,非婚异性性行为和配偶/固定性伴感染均占较大比例;<40岁女性病例的报告数和构成比基本稳定,20~24岁年龄组出现下降,以非婚异性性行为接触为主要感染方式。结论新发现女性病例的年龄峰值向高年龄组推进,应重视高年龄组女性艾滋病防治工作。扩大检测尽早发现感染者,避免女性被动感染。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases in adult females in China,and explore the potential related factors. Methods Demographic and behavioral information were collected from the newly diagnosed cases in women aged ≥15 years in China during 2011- 2015 to analyze the main transmission modes and the epidemic trend. Results The number of newly diagnosed cases in adult females increased during 2011- 2015. Most of them were transmitted by heterosexual behaviors,especially extramarital heterosexual behaviors,with the proportion increased annually. Since 2012,women aged 40- 94 years have become the main population affected. Both extramarital infections and marital infections,including those in regular sex partners,accounted for high proportions. The case number and its constituent were stable in women aged 〈40 years,but the cases in age group 20- 24 years began to decline. Extramarital heterosexual behavior was the major transmission route. Conclusion The newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS case number in adult females peaked gradually in older population,indicating the importance of HIV/AIDS prevention and control in old women by expanding the detection coverage for early diagnosis of the cases and avoiding passive infection in women.