早期补饲代乳料对仔猪回肠菌群及其代谢产物的影响

Effect of early supplementary feeding milk replacer on piglets' ileum bacterial community and bacterial metabolites

旨在研究早期补饲代乳料是否会对哺乳仔猪回肠菌群组成及其代谢产物造成影响。选取10窝杜×长×大仔猪,分为2组,每组5窝,分别为:母乳组(对照组)和饲喂母乳的同时添加代乳料组(试验组)。试验组仔猪吃母乳的同时从第4天开始添加代乳料,28日龄断奶后,饲喂相同日粮7 d。在仔猪28和35日龄时,每窝各选取一头仔猪进行屠宰取样。结果表明,与对照组相比,28日龄,试验组仔猪回肠食糜内丙酸、异丁酸浓度及丙酸占总短链脂肪酸的比例显著升高(P<0.05),而乙酸占总短链脂肪酸的比例显著下降(P<0.05);与对照组相比,35日龄试验组仔猪回肠食糜的p H值显著降低,回肠内乳酸浓度显著升高,厚壁菌门细菌的基因拷贝数显著增加(P<0.05)。结果提示,早期补饲代乳料在没有影响仔猪回肠形态结构的前提下,会一定程度上改变回肠内的菌群结构及代谢产物,从而使回肠内环境维持在一个相对健康的状态。

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of early supplementary feeding milk replacer on suckling piglets＇ ileum bacterial community and bacterial metabolites.In this study,ten litters of Douroc x Landrace x Yorks newborn piglets were randomly divided into two groups of five litters（a control group and a test group）.The piglets in the control group（Ps C） were reared by the sow,while the piglets in the test group（Ps T） were supplemented with a milk replacer along with suckling from the 4thto 28 thday of age.All piglets were weaned on the 28 thday,then switched to the same diet and stayed on the diet for 7 days.Two piglets were picked from each group,one was slaughtered on the 28 thand the other was slaughtered on 35 thday.On the 28 thday,the concentration of propionic acid,isobutyrate,and the proportion of propionic acid in total short chain fatty acids（SCFAs） were significantly increased,while the proportion of acetate in total SCFAs was significantly decreased in the ileal digesta in Ps T compared with those in Ps C.On the 35 thday,compared with Ps C,the p H value of the ileal digesta of Ps T was significantly deceased.Moreover,the concentration of lactic acid and the gene copies of the Firmicutes in the ileal digesta were significantly increased.In conclusion,early supplementary feeding milk replacer has no effect on the ileum morphological structure.However,it changed the structure and metabolites of ileum bacterium group.The results suggest that early supplementary feeding milk replacer provides a healthy ileum environment.