身体张力、身体塑造与自我认同——兼析“塑身类”运动在社会空间中的“文化哲学”意义

Body Tension,Body Shaping and Self-Identity:Cultural Philosophy Meaning of Fitness Exercise in Social Space

通过流行于20世纪中后期至今兴盛不衰且愈演愈烈的"塑身类"运动项目来揭示此类运动在当今社会空间中的‘文化哲学’意义,主要运用文献资料并结合近、现代中外盛行的哲学思潮,探讨社会空间中的身体审美化问题。在当今文化视域下,身体既是个人的,又是社会的;既是有血有肉的生理性存在,又是各种复杂政治/权力话语的竞技场。研究认为:我们的身体是"未固定的",是可以被修饰、改变和塑造的。基于这种根源,在当代社会出现的‘身体文化工业’一经出现便迅速蔓延——它以人体美设计为标准,以完善形体为终极目标。它整合了传媒、医学、形象设计、广告等多种行业,还有诸如从上个世纪中后期一直流行至今的"塑身类"运动(有氧减脂类项目和身体肌肉能力训练类项目)这种身体"软技术"行业。现今人们对于身体的关爱不仅仅局限于关注健康这个层面,而更多的是对于自我外表良好感觉的关注;因此,我们的成就感、幸福感和快乐感就取决于身体在多大程度上符合了当代"健康与美"的标准。

This study tried to reveal cultural philosophy meaning of fitness exercise that became popular at 1950 s and still has a strong development trend in contemporary social space.Combined with modern popular philosophy,this paper analyzed body aesthetic in social space by the method of literature review.In present cultural horizon,body belongs to both individual and society.Body is a physical existing,and an arena for various politic or power competitions.The results showed that our body is not fixed,it can be modified,changed and shaped.Based on this,body culture industry has a rapid growth after its birth in modern society.Body beauty design is its standard,and perfect body is its final target.It integrates media,medicine,image design,advertisement and other industries,and fitness exercise（aerobics and muscle training） that is a kind of soft technology and is popular from 1950s to now.To body,nowadays people not only pay attention to its health,but more focus on appearance good feeling.Therefore,our senses of achievement,happiness and joy depend on the extent of body meeting the criteria of the contemporary ＂health and beauty＂.