论阿伦特对马克思“劳动创造了人”论题的批评

On Arendt's Criticism to the Topic of Marx's "Labor Created Man" and the Revelations

劳动理论不仅是马克思主义唯物史观的基石,而且贯穿于马克思思想的始终。然而,阿伦特却在《马克思与西方政治思想传统》等著作中对马克思的"劳动创造了人"论题提出了质疑,并由此阐述了她复兴公共领域的思想。如何正确地把握和理解阿伦特的思想及其实质,对于促进我们对马克思劳动理论的正确理解及揭示阿伦特思想的实质,具有重要的理论及现实意义,进而对促进中国特色社会主义劳动观的建构具有重要的启示。本文旨在从公共领域与人的自由的两个维度对阿伦特批评马克思"劳动创造了人"这一论题的原因进行具体考察,以揭示阿伦特批评马克思"劳动创造了人"论题的真正意图,找出阿伦特的批评中存在的诸多误解和错误,进而为马克思主义辩护。

The labor theory is not only the foundation of Marxist historical materialism but also runs throughout Marx＇s thought. However, Arendt questioned the topic of Marx＇s ＂Labor Created Man＂ in Karl Marx and the Tradition of Western Political Thought and put forward her thought in revitalization of public realm. How to correctly grasp and understand Arendt＇s thoughts and their essence is of great theoretical and practical significances in promoting our correct understanding of Marx＇s labor theory and revelation of the essence of Arendt＇s thought, and has significant implications for contributing to the construction of socialistic labor thought with Chinese characteristics. The present paper intends to investigate the reason why Arendt criticized the topic of Marx＇s ＂Labor Created Man＂ from the dimensions of human＇s freedom and public realm so as to reveal the real intention of Arendt＇s criticism to the topic of Marx＇s ＂Labor Created Man＂, face up to the criticism from Arendt to Marx＇s labor theory and uncover several misunderstandings and errors that exist in Arendt＇s criticism to the topic of Marx＇s ＂Labor created man＂ as well as defending for the Marxism.