不同基质的浮床对浮床植物及废水脱氮效果的影响

Removal of Nitrogenous Compounds from Eutrophic Water Using Different Biocarriers as Floating Bed Substrates

研究3种不同材料作为生态浮床(Floating beds,FBs)基质而组建的组合生态浮床(hybrid FB,HFBs)以及一种无基质的传统生态浮床(C-FB)脱氮效果和性能。3种组合生态浮床分别由竹丝、稻草和轻质陶粒为基质。实验结果表明:当原水中总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)质量浓度分别为8.21~9.38,5.49~5.84mg/L,3 d后经过C-FB、轻质陶粒组合生态浮床(HFB-C)、稻草组合生态浮床(HFB-RS)、竹丝组合生态浮床(HFB-FB)处理后,出水中TN和TP的质量浓度分别为6.54~7.35,5.54~6.65,0.52~0.92,1.19~1.55 mg/L和2.81~2.90,3.81~3.96,2.67~2.79,2.49~2.58 mg/L。大型水生植物代谢酶及其生长速度依次为:HFB-FB>HFB-RS>C-FB>HFB-C,水体温度对大型水生植物生长特性和生化特性有着显著地影响,影响最大是过氧化物酶(CAT),其次是叶绿素,过氧化物酶(POD)和丙二醛(MAD)变化不明显。实验结果说明基质差异对组合式生态浮床的脱氮效果具有显著影响。

To investigate the efficiency and performances of Hybrid floating beds （HFBs）, four floating beds （FBs） were built, including three hybrid floating beds （HFBs） selected with different materials as substrates and a controlled floating bed （C- FB） without a substrate. The three HFBs were assembled with either filamentous bamboo （HFB- FB）, rice straw （HFB- RS）, or light ceramsite （HFB - C） as a substrate for microorganisms and macrophytes. Under batch conditions, the total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） concentrations in raw water were 8.21 - 9.38 and 5.49 - 5.84 mg/L respectively. The final average concentrations of TN and TP after 3 days using C - FB, HFB - C, HFB - RS, and HFB - FB were 6.54 - 7.35,5.54 - 6.65,0.52 - 0.92,1.19 - 1.55 mg/L and 2.81 - 2.90, 3.81 - 3.96, 2.67 - 2.79, and 2.49 - 2.58 mg/L respectively. The order of the macrophyte enzymes and growth velocity was as follows： HFB - FB 〉 HFB - RS 〉 C - FB 〉 HFB - C. The influence of water body temperature on macrophytes charaeteristics and enzymes was great, the highest reduction rate was the catalase （CAT）, followed by chlorophyl, but the change of the peroxidase（POD） and malondialdehyde （MAD） was not significant. The results showed that the performances of substrates were significant for nitrogenous pollutants removal.