根河源国家湿地公园浮游动物分布研究

Distribution of Zooplankton in Genheyuan National Wetland Park

根河源国家湿地公园是最具特色的大兴安岭北部森林沼泽和河流湿地交错分布的典型区域,其水生态特征研究尚未开展。于2015年6月、8月和10月,对内蒙古根河源国家湿地公园浮游动物进行了调查。研究结果表明,共检出浮游动物20属24种,其中,有原生动物7属7种,占浮游动物总种数的29%;轮虫8属11种,占45%,枝角类3属3种,占13%,桡足类2属3种,占13%。6月采样日的浮游动物平均丰度和生物量都最小;8月采样日的浮游动物平均生物量最大;10月采样日的浮游动物平均丰度最大。1号采样点浮游动物的丰度和生物量最高,5号采样点的最低。各采样点浮游动物的优势种都为原生动物,分别是陀螺侠盗虫(Strobilidium velox)、梨形四膜虫(Tetrahymena priformis)、绿急游虫(Strombidium viride)和绿草履虫(Paramecium bursaria)。各采样点浮游动物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数分别为0.81~3.44和0.50~2.87。水体中的总氮含量、p H和水温对根河源国家湿地公园浮游动物群落结构及其分布具有较大影响。

Genheyuan National Wetland Park is the most typical area in the north of the Greater Khingan Mountains. On June 9, August 9 and October 9, 2015, a total of 24 species belonging to 20 genera of zoo- plankton were recorded through the investigation in Genheyuan National Wetland Park in Inner Mongolia Au- tonomous Region, including 7 species belonging to 7 genera of Protozoa, accounting for 29% of the total zoo- plankton species; 11 species belonging to 8 genera of Rotifer, which accounted for 45%; 3 species belonging to 3 genera of Cladocera, accounting for 13% as well as 3 species belonging to 2 genera of Copepods, the pro- portion of which was 13%. The abundance and biomass of zooplankton were both in low level on June 9; the maximum biomass occurred on August 9 and the maximum abundance on October 9. There was the maximum of zooplankton abundance and biomass at the sampling point 1, while the minimum occurred at sampling point 5. The dominant species of zooplankton were all Protozoa, specifically Strobilidium velox, Tetrahymena priformis, Strombidium viride and Paramecium bursaria. The Shannon-Wiener and Margalef diversity indices of each sampling point were 0.81-3.44 and 0.50-2.87, respectively. The results of canonical correspondence analysis between zooplankton and environmental factors showed that total nitrogen, pH and water temperature had a great influence on the community structure and space-time distributions of Genheyuan National Wetland Park.