连片特困少数民族地区教育层次结构对农民收入增长的作用——以南疆三地州为例

How the Structure of Education Level in Destitute Minority Rural Areas Influences on the Rise of Farmers' Income:Examples of the Three Prefectures of the Southern Xinjiang

连片特困少数民族农村地区是我国实现全面脱贫的攻坚区域,教育扶贫是彻底稳定脱贫的重要推手。以新疆南疆三地州少数民族农民微观调查数据为基础,通过明瑟分位数回归法,实证研究不同层级教育水平对少数民族贫困农民收入的影响。研究发现:由于南疆三地州少数民族和连片贫困的特殊性,不同层次教育对该区域少数民族农民收入的影响具有明显的差异性。其中,双语教育、高等教育、技能培训对收入增长的促进作用显著,初中教育和职业教育对收入影响不显著,职业教育处于"有功不明"的状态;而高中教育与收入增长呈现负相关关系,与高等教育的教育收益率显著为正形成悖论。因此,要完善连片特困少数民族地区教育结构,目前重中之重是全面普及高中教育,重视职业教育,跨出"教育门槛",解决教育的断崖式贫困问题。

The destitute minority rural areas is a hard part to achieve poverty alleviation completely, and education is an important helper to separate people from poverty steadily. Based on the survey data from minority farmers in three prefectures of the southern Xinjiang, this paper explored theinfluence of the different education level on the income of minority in Quantile Regression Method. The research finds education has siguifi the rural areas through the cant effect on the minority farmers＇ income but the effect is different for the different education level. The effect of bilingual education, higher education, and skills training is significant positive while the effect of junior high school education and occupation education is not significant. There is negative correlation between high school education and income, which is an opposite to high education. Consequently, in order to promote education structure in minority areas, the major work is to popularize high school education completely, paying attention to occupational education, stepping over of the ＂educational threshold＂ and solving the cliff poverty problem in education.