北方平原区大型机场生态恢复及雨水利用研究——以北京新机场为例

STUDY ON ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION AND RAINWATER UTILIZATION OF LARGE AIRPORT IN THE NORTHERN PLAINS: A CASE OF BEIJING'S NEW AIRPORT

北京新机场施工期,人为扰动地表强烈,若不采取防治措施可能造成较为严重的水土流失,尤其是对生态破坏和雨洪资源的影响突出。通过生态恢复分析和降雨径流、雨水利用计算,探讨了机场工程生态修复和雨水利用技术。生态恢复及雨水利用技术主要包括:1)施工前采取表土剥离,加以保护利用;重建地表水系;恢复耕地;恢复植被,重建植被生态系统;做好施工期临时防护措施,加强施工管理;提高工程区域林草覆盖率及生态景观,修复生态;2)收集降水,调蓄地表径流,雨水回用。通过布设调蓄水池、排水明渠、地埋式储水模块、渗透铺装、下凹式绿地、回用设施等收集降水,调蓄地表径流,使雨水主要用于绿地浇洒、道路洒水、水面景观用水、冲厕等,达到充分利用雨水资源,减少外排流量,节约用水的目的。

The serious soil erosion,ecological destruction,and rain water waste were the potential main ecological problems for the strong artificial disturbance in project area of Beijing’s new airport. This paper discussed technologies of ecological restoration and rainwater utilization by analysis of ecological restoration and calculation of runoff yield,rainwater utilization.The main measures of ecological restoration and rainwater utilization included： 1） Topsoil stripping, drainage system reconstruction,restoring cultivation,restoring vegetation,temporary protective measures in construction period; 2） collecting rainfall,regulating runoff,rainwater recycling. The surface runoff was collected by storage pool,drainage channel,buried storage module,permeable pavement,low elevation green land,recycling facilities,etc. The collected rain could be mainly used for green landscapes watering,road dust lowering,sight water utilization,flushing supply,etc. The purpose of rainwater utilization,drainage decrease,saving water can be achieved by above measures.