胰高血糖素样肽1及其类似物调节胰岛β细胞功能的研究进展

Research Progress of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 and Its Analogues Regulating the Function of β Cells

胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)及其类似物是一类安全有效,能感受并调节血糖水平的肠促胰岛素。它们能通过增加胰岛β细胞数量、抑制β细胞凋亡,从而发挥保护β细胞功能的作用。GLP-1不仅能促进胰岛β细胞分泌胰岛素,还能调节胰岛素基因的表达,从转录与翻译水平促进胰岛素合成。此外,GLP-1及其类似物还能增加β细胞对葡萄糖的敏感性及促进β细胞自噬,从而发挥其促胰岛素合成与分泌作用。目前,GLP-1及其类似物用于控制2型糖尿病及严重创伤所致的糖代谢障碍,并对降低高血糖所致并发症具有重要意义,这为某些影响胰岛β细胞功能的急慢性疾病的治疗提供了新思路。

Glucagon-like peptide-1（GLP-1） and its analogues are a kind of incretin which can sense the concentration of blood glucose automatically and regulate blood glucose safely and effectively. GLP-1 and its analogues can protect the function of β cells by increasing the mass of islet β cells and inhibiting its apoptosis. GLP-1 can promote islet β cells insulin secretion function and regulate the expression of insulin gene at transcriptional and translational level. Furthermore,GLP-1and its analogues can regulate blood glucose by increasing the sensitivity of β cells to glucose and promote autophagy of pancreatic β cells. Currently,GLP-1 and its analogues can relieve glycometabolism dysfunction of patients with type 2 diabetes or serious trauma,and further reduce the complications resulted by hyperglycemia,which could provide us a new way of treating acute or chronic diseases that influence the function of β cells.