我国东太平洋金枪鱼渔业发展探讨

Discussion on the development of China's tuna fisheries in the East Pacific Ocean

东太平洋(East Pacific Ocean,EPO)是世界最重要的金枪鱼渔场之一。金枪鱼围网和延绳钓渔业是东太平洋的主要渔业。美洲间热带金枪鱼委员会(Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission,IATTC)是东太平洋制定金枪鱼资源的养护和管理措施的区域性金枪鱼渔业管理组织。1994年我国金枪鱼围网渔船曾进入东太平洋作业。1998年我国延绳钓船队开始在东太平洋作业。2009年10月30日我国确认加入IATTC。目前,我国东太平洋金枪鱼渔业已具规模,但发展面临着诸如大目金枪鱼捕捞限额、北方长鳍金枪鱼限制在2005年的渔获努力量水平等困难。本文结合渔业历史资料和IATTC有关文件,探讨了包括金枪鱼超低温、低温延绳钓船队和围网船队的我国金枪鱼渔业如何在东太平洋进一步发展并提出相应的建议。

The East Pacific Ocean（ EPO） is one of the most important tuna fishing grounds in the world.China＇s tuna purse seine vessels once fished in the EPO in 1994. In 1998,China＇s tuna longline fleet began to fish in the EPO. On 30 thOct. of 2009,China ratified the commitment to the Antigua Convention,and became a member of Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission（ IATTC）. By now,China＇s tuna fishing fleet has scaled considerably in the EPO,but the development was still facing the difficulties such as the production limits of annual catch of bigeye tuna,the fact that the fishing efforts for North Pacific albacore could not exceed the level of 2005 and so on. In this paper,based on the analysis of fishing history and documents of IATTC,the future development for China＇s tuna fisheries,including ultra frozen longline,frozen longline and purse seine in the EPO was discussed,and relevant suggestions were proposed.