邻近性视角下的高校与高新区合作创新研究

A Study of the Collaborative Innovation Between Colleges and Universities and High-tech Zones Based on the Proximity Theory

借鉴硅谷等的成功经验,我国在高新区发展中也注重引入高校资源,但却未能有效增进高校与高新区的合作创新。本文主要结合对硅谷、剑桥科技园以及上海张江高科和紫竹高新区的案例研究,初步探讨了以地理邻近为基础的多维邻近性建设对高校与高新区合作创新的价值。研究显示,只有以地理邻近为基础增进多维邻近性,才能真正促成默会知识的高效流动和合作创新;硅谷和剑桥科技园由于拥有较多大学衍生企业,并形成了人才流动的制度保障体系,因而较成功地增进了多维邻近性;但上海的高新区主要毗邻于高校新校区,较少高校衍生企业,且仍受垂直管理体制的影响,很难自发地增进多维邻近性。为此,建议着力推进高校衍生企业在高新区的发展,以制度和文化空间建设增进普遍的、基层的、微观层面的合作,以推动高校系科与高新区企业之间的深层次交流和信任。

Drawing on the successful experiences of Silicon Valley, university resources have often been allocated around the high -tech zones in China. However, the practice has failed to effectively promote the collaborative innovation between them. With the case study of Silicon Valley, Cambridge Science Park ,Shanghai Zizhu Hi -Tech Industrial Development Zone, and Shanghai Zhangiiang Hi - Tech Industrial Development Zone, this paper mainly explores the value of multidimensional prox- imity construction to the collaborative innovation between universities and high -tech zones. Results show that enhancing multidimensional proximity on the base of geographical proximity is critical to promote the flow of tacit knowledge and collaborative innovation. Silicon Valley and Cambridge Sci- ence Park have many university derivative enterprises, form the security system, and therefore suc- cessfully improve the multidimensional proximity. Shanghai＇ s high - tech zones are mainly adjacent to new campus of colleges and universities, with less derivative enterprises, but still under the influ- ence of the vertical management system ,it is difficult to improve multidimensional proximity sponta- neously. Accordingly, the paper suggests that we should focus on promoting the development of uni- versity derivative enterprises in the high - tech zones, enhance comprehensive, grass roots and micro- scopic cooperation by system and the construction of cultural spaces, in order to promote the deepcommunication and trust between the departments in colleges and universities and high -tech enter- prises.