运城盆地人类活动氟污染的环境效应研究

Impact of Human Activities on Environmental Fluoride Pollution in Yuncheng Basin

氟(F)污染是严重影响人类及动植物生长的环境问题之一,而人类活动已经成为新型环境氟污染的来源之一。调查了运城盆地不同类型工农业污染源中氟的浓度水平,并研究了固体工业污染源中氟在淋滤作用下的环境释出行为。结果表明:采集的固体工业污染源样品中总氟含量最高为1 479.9 mg/kg,平均含量为763.21mg/kg,远高于我国土壤氟含量的平均水平;农药和化肥样品中氟含量均较高,最高含量可达1 161.21mg/kg。氟淋滤试验结果显示:化工厂污染源中的氟溶解性较好,氟释出浓度高达11.0mg/L,具有较大的环境氟污染风险;两种碱性电解质淋滤液Na_2CO_3和NaHCO_3均对氟离子(F^-)的释出有较明显的促进作用。其作用机理包括CO_3^(2-)和HCO_3^-对F^-的竞争性解吸附和离子浓度(主要为Na^+)增加对F^-的络合性释出。

Fluoride（F）pollution is one of the critical environmental issues due to the potential harm on plant growth and human health.Contaminants produced by human activities have been one of the major sources of fluoride pollution in the environment.This paper takes the occurrence and release of fluoride in agricultural and industrial pollutants as the study object.The results indicate that the total fluoride content is up to 1 479.9mg/kg in industrial pollutants with the average content of 763.21mg/kg,far above the average level of fluoride in China＇s soil;the agricultural pollutants（pesticides and fertilizers）have high fluoride concentrations with the maximum up to 1 161.21mg/kg;industrial pollutants from chemical plants release the fluorine ion as high as 11.0mg/L,indicating its high risk of environmental fluorine pollution.In addition,the alkaline electrolyte（Na2CO3and NaHCO3）solutions both show an obvious promoting effect on fluoride release from industrial pollutants.The mechanisms include the competitive desorption of Fwith CO3^2- and HCO3^- and the release of F^- due to the complexation with the increased ions（mainly Na^＋）.