我国都市型农业发展的典型模式及驱动机制——基于14个大中城市案例研究

The development patterns and the driving mechanism of urban agriculture in China:A case study of 14 large and medium cities

都市型农业是城市化进程中产生的一种崭新农业形态。基于北京、上海、深圳等14个大中城市的实地调研,总结归纳目前我国大中城市都市农业发展的典型模式,分析比较不同发展模式间差异,探讨都市农业发展的驱动机制,可为都市农业在我国中小城市的递级推进提供经验借鉴。结果表明,我国都市型农业发展的典型模式包括保障农产品有效供给、特色农业集群、农业园区引领、休闲观光带动、科技创新驱动、产业化经营推动、高效生态循环推动及机制创新驱动等8种,不同发展模式在主要特征、功能导向、业态、驱动要素等方面表现出一定差异。研究表明,都市型农业发展除了农业系统自身演变内在需求外,还紧紧依托于城市经济发展的拉动、资源环境压力的推动、制度政策的支持和城市规划的空间保障。未来都市型农业发展中要因地制宜、突出特色,构建城市群区域协同农产品供给保障体系,统筹兼顾严格保护耕地和满足都市型农业用地,加强工商资本进入的监管和风险防范。

Urban agriculture is a new form of modern farming in the process of urbanization. Based on a field survey of 14 large and medium cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, this paper summarized the typical development patterns of urban agriculture in large and medium cities in China, identified the differences among these different patterns, and analyzed their driving mechanisms, aiming to provide some guidance for the development of urban agriculture in small and medium-sized cities. Results showed that there were eight typical development patterns of urban agriculture in China, including the guaranteed effective supply of agricultural product mode, the characteristic agricultural cluster mode, the modem agricultural park leading mode, the leisure and tourism agriculture driven mode, the scientific and technological innovation driven mode, the industrial management mode, the ecological and sustainable agriculture mode, and the mechanism innovation driven mode. These different modes had obvious differences from the following ped^pectives： main features, functional orientations, industrial forms, and driving factors. This study also found that the choice of urban agricultural development pattern not only depended on the inherent needs of the evolution of agricultural system itself, but also closely relied on city＇s economic development, resource and environment pressures, support of institutions and policies, and space security of urban planning. Furtherly, this study suggested that the development of urban agriculture should be in line with the local conditions, highlight the characteristics, build a regional agricultural supply guarantee system on the level of urban agglomerations, balance between the strict protection of arable land and meeting the need of the urban agricultural land, and strengthen the supervision and risk prevention of industrial and commercial capital into agriculture.