粤方言中的程度副词“几”“至”

Adverbs of Degree “Ji” and “Zhi” in Cantonese Dialect

粤方言中的"几""至"大量地用于表示程度,该用法在普通话中仅保留在古语词中,已不常见于日常对话,但二者在粤方言中却是常用词。通过对文献及方言语料中的"几""至"的意义、用法进行历时与共时的考察,利用历史语源依据和同时代的方言可支持分析粤方言中的"几""至"与普通话"很/非常""最"的用法异同。同时,引进结构主义和认知语言学的方法对相关资料进行分析,证明了"几""至"作程度副词有其系统性的认知基础,该用法是与古汉语一脉相承的。

The adverbs of degree＂ji＂ and＂ zhi＂in Cantonese dialect are frequently used to express the degree in daily conver- sation, while only retained in ancient Chinese in Mandarin. Based on the diaehronic and synchronic investigation into their mean- ings through literature and dialects corpus,this paper compared the similarities and differences of usage between them and＂hen＂ ＂feiehang＂ ＂zui＂ in Mandarin based on historical etymology basis and contemporary dialect support analysis. Meanwhile, this paper introduced methods of structuralism and cognitive linguistics to analyze relevant data and has found their systematic cognitive ba- sis, which matched that in ancient Chinese.