中国粮食生产化肥施用效率分析——基于随机前沿生产函数

Analysis on Fertilizer Application Efficiency of Grain Production in China——Based on Stochastic Frontier Function

我国约有13.8亿人口,确保粮食安全已成为我国重要的政策之一。化肥施用对增加粮食产量发挥了不可替代的作用,但却造成了严重的面源污染。2015年农业部提出《化肥零增长行动方案》,该政策是否会影响中国的粮食安全?采用CD随机前沿生产函数(SFA),对农业生产效率和化肥投入的单一要素技术效率进行估计。结果表明:我国农业生产中存在无效率,平均生产效率为0.894,化肥投入的技术效率低于生产效率,只有0.603,说明我国在化肥施用方面还存在很大的节约空间。通过合理施用化肥、提高化肥施用技术,可在保障粮食安全的前提下达到减少化肥用量的目的,实现粮食生产的可持续发展。探求合理利用化肥施用技术和方法将是下一步研究的重点问题。

China is an agricultural country, which had about a population of 1.38 billion, which was the Chinese most basic national condition. The guarantee of food security was one of the important policy in China. It was the fact that chemical fertilizer played an important even non - substi- tutable role in improving the food production. Nevertheless, which also caused serious non - point source pollution, such as, fertilizers could release nitrogen into natural systems such as rivers, upsetting the natural balance However, in many parts of China fertilizer use could be slashed by up to 60 %. The action plan of zero growth of fertilizer was put forward by the ministry of agriculture in 2015 ,but it was still a question whether the policy would influence on the food safety of China. In this paper the authors used the CD Stochastic Frontier Analysis（SFA） on the per elements of agricultural production efficiency and fertilizer inputs to estimate technical efficiency. The results indicated that the inefficiency actually existed in agriculture of China, the average efficiency was O. 894. The fertilizer input technology efficiency was lower than the production efficiency, the former only was 0. 603. It could be concluded that there was still great save space for using of fertilizer. The goal on some degree of chemical fertilizer and the sustainable development of grain production could be achieved through the reasonable application of chemical fertilizer and improvement of fertilizer technology under the premise of guarantee food security. In the further research, the key point for us would be finding out the reasonable using technology and methods of fertilizer. Therefore, there were such work for us to research thoroughly and thought deeply.