南昌市戒毒机构收治的青少年药物滥用现状调查

THE INVESTIGATIONS ON THE CURRENT STATUS OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG TEENAGERS WHO WERE ADMITTED BY REHABILITATION INSTITUTIONS IN NANCHANG

目的:了解戒毒机构收治的青少年非医疗目的使用精神活性物质的现状,为青少年药物滥用的监测和干预工作提供参考和依据。方法:通过分层整群抽样方法选取2家戒毒机构,对其收治的185名25岁以下青少年进行问卷调查。结果:调查对象的平均年龄为(21.85±2.37)岁,其中以男性(68.65%)、城市户口(74.59%)、未婚(75.14%)、初中及小学学历(82.16%)和无业人员(80.54%)为主。在最近12个月使用和主要使用的精神活性物质中,合成毒品使用频率均高于传统毒品。使用频率最高的是冰毒,其次是海洛因。初次使用年龄主要是11-16岁(75.13%),使用原因以追求欣快/刺激(40.00%)、家人或同伴影响(29.73%)和满足好奇(27.03%)为主;获得途径主要是同伴提供(76.76%);使用场所多为朋友处(30.81%)、宾馆(29.73%)、居家场所(25.95%)和无固定场所(22.16%)。结论:11-16岁、男性、低学历、无业、未婚的青少年是药物滥用的重点干预和监测人群;同伴、家庭、社会环境和个人认知等因素可能是青少年药物滥用的影响因素;而青少年非医疗目使用复方甘草片、止咳水、曲马多、安定等精神活性药物现象也应引起重视。

Objective： To get information on the current status of psychoactive substance use without medical purposes among teenagers who were admitted by rehabilitation institutions in Nanchang and to provide reference for monitoring and intervention work for teenage substance abuse.Methods： 185 teenagers under the age of 25 who were admitted by two rehabilitation institutions selected by using stratified clustered sampling method were surveyed.Results： The average age of respondents was（ 21. 85± 2. 37） years old. Those respondents were mainly male（ 68. 65%）,urban hukou（ 74. 59%）,unmarried（ 75. 14%）,junior high school and elementary school degree（ 82. 16%）,and unemployed（ 80. 54%）. The frequencies of synthetic drug use were higher than those of traditional drugs in the psychoactive substance used in the last 12 months and used most frequently. The psychoactive substance used most frequently was methamphetamine,followed by heroin. The age of first use was primarily 11-16years old. Pursuit of euphoria or stimulation（ 40. 00%）,the influence of family or peer（ 29. 73%）,and satisfying the curiosity（ 27. 03%） were main reasons. The main way of attaining was provided by peer（ 76. 76%）. The major using places were friends（ 30. 81%）,hotels（ 29. 73%）,place of residence（ 25. 95%） and no fixed place（ 22. 16%）.Conclusion： Teenagers who are 11-16 years old,male,low education,unemployed,and unmarried should be intervened and monitored. The influence factors of teenage substance abuse maybe include peers,family,social environment,individual cognition,etc. More attention should be paid to this phenomenon that adolescents use psychoactive drug such as compound liquorice tablets,cough syrup,tramadol,diazepam and so on without medical purposes.