小剂量阿司匹林预防高危孕妇子痫前期的临床效果观察

Observation on clinical efficacy of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia in high risk gravida

目的观察小剂量阿司匹林预防高危孕妇子痫前期的临床效果。方法选择存在子痫前期高危因素的孕妇(孕9~12+6周)104例,随机分为研究组及对照组各52例。研究组除常规孕期检查以外,自孕14周开始每日口服阿司匹林75 mg至孕28周;对照组只做常规孕期检查。比较两组孕妇子痫前期发生率、分娩情况及新生儿出生体重。结果研究组孕妇子痫前期发生率及早发型子痫前期发生率分别为23.1%、5.7%,低于对照组的51.9%、15.4%(P<0.05)。研究组早产率、剖宫产率均低于对照组(P<0.05),而新生儿出生体重高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组孕妇产后出血率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在妊娠早期结束后尽快开始口服小剂量阿司匹林,可以有效预防子痫前期的发生,且不增加产妇产后出血的风险,可获得良好的母儿结局。

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of low-dose aspirin for the prevention of preeclampsia in high risk gravida . Methods A total of 104 cases of high risk gravidas（9-12 ＋6 gestational weeks） were collected,and randomly divided into research group or control group ,with 52 cases in each group .Except routine antenatal testing ,research group were treated with oral aspirin 75 mg per day from 14 to 28 gestational weeks ,while control group were treated with routine antenatal testing only .The incidence of preeclampsia ,delivery conditions ,and newborn birth weight were compared between gravidas in the two groups .Results The incidence of preeclampsia and early-onset preeclampsia in research group was 23.1%and 5.7%separately,lower than control group of 51.9%and 15.4%（P〈0.05）, respectively.The premature delivery rate and cesarean delivery rate in research group were lower than those in control group （P〈0.05）, however,the newborn birth weight in research group was higher than that in control group （P〈0.05）.No difference was found between research group and control group in the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage （ P〉0.05 ） .Conclusion Initiate administration of daily low-dose aspirin early after first trimester of pregnancy can effectively prevent preeclampsia , and improve maternal and fetal outcomes , without increasing risk of postpartum hemorrhage .